Can You Really Have Meerkats as Pets: A Comprehensive Guide

Are meerkats suitable as domestic animals? Find everything you need to know about owning a meerkat, including their needs, legality, and potential challenges, with insights from PETS.EDU.VN. Discover alternative pet options and responsible wildlife stewardship.

Meerkats might appear cute and cuddly, but these social creatures have intricate needs and keeping them as pets presents significant challenges. This guide from PETS.EDU.VN will delve into the realities of meerkat ownership, exploring their natural behaviors, dietary requirements, legal considerations, and potential health issues. You’ll also discover information on meerkat care, meerkat behavior, and the ethical implications of keeping wild animals as pets.

1. Understanding Meerkat Behavior and Social Needs

Meerkats (Suricata suricatta) are social animals that thrive in groups called mobs. These mobs provide safety, cooperation in foraging, and shared pup-rearing responsibilities.

1.1. The Importance of Social Structure

Meerkats rely on their group for survival. According to a study published in “Animal Behaviour,” meerkats exhibit heightened stress levels and altered behaviors when isolated from their mob.

Constant Companionship: Meerkats require constant interaction.
Social Interaction: Essential for their mental and emotional health.
Safety in Numbers: Meerkats are prey animals, and their group dynamic provides protection.

1.2. Natural Instincts and Behaviors

Meerkats have specific behaviors essential to their well-being that are difficult to replicate in a domestic setting.

Digging: Meerkats dig extensively for food and shelter.
Foraging: They spend hours searching for insects and other small prey.
Sentry Duty: Meerkats take turns acting as sentries to watch for predators.

2. Are Meerkats Legal to Keep as Pets?

The legality of owning meerkats varies widely depending on location. Regulations often aim to protect both the animals and the public.

2.1. Legal Restrictions by Country and State

Before considering a meerkat as a pet, check local, state, and federal regulations.

United States: Some states prohibit owning meerkats, while others require permits.
United Kingdom: Owning meerkats requires a license under the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976.
Australia: Meerkats are generally prohibited due to concerns about their potential impact on native wildlife.

2.2. Permits and Licensing Requirements

Even where legal, obtaining the necessary permits can be complex.

Application Process: Requires detailed information about housing, care, and experience.
Inspections: Authorities may inspect your property to ensure it meets specific standards.
Renewals: Permits often need to be renewed periodically, with ongoing compliance checks.

2.3. Ethical and Conservation Concerns

The exotic pet trade can negatively impact wild populations.

Sourcing: Many meerkats sold as pets are sourced from the wild, contributing to population decline.
Conservation: Supporting responsible breeding programs or wildlife sanctuaries is more ethical.
Species Preservation: Helps maintain genetic diversity and healthy populations.

3. What Are The Housing and Environment Requirements for Meerkats?

Meerkats need a spacious, secure enclosure that mimics their natural habitat.

3.1. Outdoor Enclosure Specifications

An outdoor enclosure should protect meerkats from predators and the elements.

Size: Minimum of 100 square feet per meerkat, according to the Meerkat Foundation.
Security: High, sturdy fencing to prevent escape and protect from predators.
Digging Prevention: A buried wire mesh or concrete base to prevent digging out.

3.2. Indoor Housing Considerations

Indoor spaces should be enriching and secure.

Space: A large room or custom-built enclosure is necessary.
Temperature: Maintain a temperature range of 65-80°F (18-27°C).
Enrichment: Provide digging boxes, climbing structures, and toys to stimulate natural behaviors.

3.3. Environmental Enrichment and Stimulation

Enrichment is crucial for the mental health of captive meerkats.

Digging Opportunities: Sandboxes or soil pits for digging.
Foraging Activities: Hide insects or treats in various locations to encourage foraging.
Social Interaction: If possible, keep meerkats in groups to satisfy their social needs.

4. Meerkat Diets: What Do Meerkats Eat?

Meerkats are insectivores with specific dietary needs.

4.1. Natural Diet in the Wild

In the wild, meerkats eat a variety of insects, small vertebrates, and plant matter.

Insects: Primarily beetles, caterpillars, and termites.
Small Animals: Lizards, snakes, and rodents.
Plant Matter: Occasionally consume fruits and roots for hydration.

4.2. Nutritional Requirements for Pet Meerkats

Replicating a meerkat’s natural diet in captivity is challenging.

Insect-Based Diet: The primary food source should be insects, such as crickets, mealworms, and grasshoppers.
Supplementation: Calcium and vitamin supplements are essential to prevent deficiencies.
Commercial Diets: Some specialized commercial diets are available but should be supplemented with insects.

4.3. Potential Dietary Deficiencies and Health Problems

Improper nutrition can lead to severe health issues.

Rickets: Calcium deficiency leading to weakened bones.
Obesity: Overfeeding or improper diet can cause obesity.
Dental Problems: Lack of proper chewing can lead to dental issues.

5. What Are the Common Health Issues in Meerkats?

Meerkats are susceptible to several health problems that require specialized veterinary care.

5.1. Parasitic Infections

Meerkats are prone to internal and external parasites.

Intestinal Worms: Regular deworming is necessary.
Fleas and Ticks: Require vigilant prevention and treatment.
Mites: Can cause skin problems and require specific medications.

5.2. Respiratory Diseases

Respiratory infections are common, especially in captive environments.

Pneumonia: Can be caused by bacterial or viral infections.
Upper Respiratory Infections: Symptoms include sneezing, coughing, and nasal discharge.
Prevention: Maintaining a clean and well-ventilated environment.

5.3. Dental Problems

Dental health is often overlooked but crucial.

Tartar Buildup: Regular dental cleanings are necessary.
Gum Disease: Can lead to tooth loss and systemic infections.
Dietary Considerations: Providing appropriate chewing items can help maintain dental health.

5.4. Zoonotic Diseases

Meerkats can carry diseases transmissible to humans.

Salmonellosis: Bacterial infection causing gastrointestinal issues.
Tuberculosis: Respiratory disease that can be transmitted through close contact.
Preventive Measures: Practicing good hygiene, such as hand washing, is essential.

6. Training and Handling Meerkats: Is It Possible?

Training meerkats requires patience and understanding of their natural behaviors.

6.1. Understanding Meerkat Behavior for Training

Meerkats are intelligent but have strong instincts that influence their trainability.

Positive Reinforcement: Reward-based training is the most effective method.
Consistency: Regular training sessions are necessary.
Patience: Meerkats can be stubborn and require patience.

6.2. Basic Training Techniques

Basic commands can be taught using positive reinforcement.

Recall: Teaching meerkats to come when called.
Target Training: Using a target stick to guide their movements.
Handling: Gradually acclimating meerkats to being handled.

6.3. Addressing Problem Behaviors

Problem behaviors often stem from unmet needs or stress.

Digging: Provide appropriate digging outlets.
Biting: Address the underlying cause, such as fear or territoriality.
Aggression: Seek professional guidance to manage aggressive behaviors.

7. What Are The Ethical Considerations of Keeping Meerkats as Pets?

Keeping meerkats as pets raises ethical questions about animal welfare and conservation.

7.1. Animal Welfare Concerns

Meerkats have complex needs that are difficult to meet in captivity.

Social Needs: Ensuring adequate social interaction is challenging.
Behavioral Needs: Providing opportunities for natural behaviors like digging and foraging.
Mental Health: Preventing stress and boredom in a captive environment.

7.2. Conservation Impacts

The exotic pet trade can harm wild populations.

Sourcing: Many meerkats are sourced from the wild, contributing to population decline.
Habitat Destruction: The removal of animals from their natural habitat disrupts ecosystems.
Species Preservation: Supporting conservation efforts is essential for preserving meerkat populations.

7.3. Responsible Pet Ownership

If considering a meerkat, ensure you can meet its needs without harming wild populations.

Research: Thoroughly research the species’ needs and legal requirements.
Ethical Sourcing: Obtain animals from reputable breeders or rescue organizations.
Long-Term Commitment: Be prepared to provide lifelong care.

8. Alternatives to Meerkat Ownership

Consider other pets that are better suited to domestic life.

8.1. Domesticated Pets with Similar Characteristics

Several domesticated animals share some traits with meerkats but are easier to care for.

Ferrets: Social, playful, and intelligent, but require specific care.
Rats: Highly intelligent and social rodents that bond with their owners.
Dogs: Certain breeds can provide similar companionship and interaction.

8.2. Supporting Wildlife Conservation

Instead of owning exotic animals, support conservation organizations.

Donations: Contribute to organizations that protect meerkat habitats.
Volunteer Work: Participate in conservation projects.
Education: Raise awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation.

8.3. Visiting Sanctuaries and Zoos

Observe meerkats in accredited sanctuaries and zoos that prioritize animal welfare.

Accreditation: Look for facilities accredited by organizations like the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).
Animal Welfare: Ensure the facility provides adequate space, enrichment, and care.
Education: Learn about meerkat behavior and conservation from knowledgeable staff.

9. Legal and Ethical Sourcing of Meerkats

If you decide to pursue meerkat ownership, prioritize legal and ethical sourcing.

9.1. Finding Reputable Breeders

Reputable breeders prioritize the health and welfare of their animals.

Health Records: Ask for complete health records and genetic testing.
Living Conditions: Visit the breeder’s facility to ensure animals are kept in clean and spacious environments.
References: Request references from previous buyers.

9.2. Rescue Organizations and Sanctuaries

Adopting from a rescue organization can provide a home for a meerkat in need.

Adoption Process: Requires an application and home visit.
Medical Care: Rescue organizations often provide necessary medical care.
Rehabilitation: Some organizations specialize in rehabilitating exotic animals for release.

9.3. Avoiding Illegal Wildlife Trade

Be aware of the risks associated with illegal wildlife trade.

Documentation: Ensure all transactions are legal and properly documented.
Red Flags: Avoid sellers who cannot provide proof of legal ownership.
Reporting: Report suspected illegal activity to the appropriate authorities.

10. Meerkat Care: Long-Term Commitment and Costs

Owning a meerkat is a significant financial and time commitment.

10.1. Veterinary Care Costs

Exotic animal veterinary care can be expensive.

Specialized Veterinarians: Finding a veterinarian experienced with meerkats can be challenging.
Routine Checkups: Regular checkups are necessary to monitor health.
Emergency Care: Be prepared for unexpected medical expenses.

10.2. Ongoing Expenses

The cost of food, housing, and enrichment adds up over time.

Diet: Insect-based diets can be costly.
Enrichment: Providing adequate enrichment requires ongoing investment.
Housing Maintenance: Enclosure maintenance and repairs can be expensive.

10.3. Time Commitment

Meerkats require significant daily attention.

Feeding: Preparing and providing multiple meals per day.
Enrichment: Engaging meerkats in stimulating activities.
Social Interaction: Spending time interacting with your meerkats.

10.4. Long-Term Planning

Consider what will happen to your meerkat if you can no longer care for it.

Guardianship: Designate a guardian in your will.
Relocation: Identify potential sanctuaries or zoos that could take the animal.
Financial Planning: Set aside funds to cover the animal’s future care.

For reliable guidance on animal care and ethical pet ownership, remember to visit PETS.EDU.VN.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Keeping Meerkats as Pets

1. Is it legal to own a meerkat in the United States?

The legality varies by state. Some states prohibit meerkat ownership, while others require permits. Always check local regulations.

2. What do meerkats eat in captivity?

Meerkats primarily eat insects, supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Commercial diets are available but should be used in conjunction with insects.

3. How much space do meerkats need?

Meerkats need a large outdoor enclosure (minimum 100 square feet per meerkat) with indoor housing that maintains a temperature between 65-80°F (18-27°C).

4. Are meerkats good with children?

Meerkats can be aggressive, especially towards strangers and children. Supervision is always required.

5. Can meerkats be trained?

Yes, meerkats can be trained using positive reinforcement, but they require patience and consistency.

6. What are the ethical concerns of owning a meerkat?

Ethical concerns include the difficulty of meeting their social and behavioral needs, the impact of the exotic pet trade on wild populations, and the potential for zoonotic diseases.

7. What are some alternatives to owning a meerkat?

Consider domesticated pets like ferrets, rats, or certain dog breeds. Supporting wildlife conservation organizations is also a great alternative.

8. How much does it cost to care for a meerkat?

Veterinary care, food, housing, and enrichment can be expensive. Costs can range from several thousand dollars per year.

9. What kind of veterinary care do meerkats need?

Meerkats require specialized veterinary care, including vaccinations, parasite control, dental care, and treatment for common health issues like respiratory infections.

10. How long do meerkats live?

Meerkats typically live 10-15 years in captivity, provided they receive proper care.

Keeping a meerkat as a pet presents numerous challenges, from legal restrictions to complex care requirements and ethical considerations. While their social nature and unique behaviors might seem appealing, meerkats are wild animals best left in their natural habitats. As highlighted by Prof. Anne Rasa, a pioneer in meerkat behavior research, domesticating them can lead to cruelty and unmet needs. If you’re passionate about animal welfare, consider supporting conservation efforts or choosing a domesticated pet that is better suited to living in a home environment.

For more in-depth information, expert advice, and guidance on responsible pet ownership, visit PETS.EDU.VN. At PETS.EDU.VN, you can explore a wide range of resources, including detailed care guides, veterinary tips, and ethical considerations for various pets. Whether you’re a seasoned pet owner or just starting, PETS.EDU.VN is your go-to source for reliable and up-to-date information.

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