Maine Coon cats, with their impressive size and gentle nature, have captured the hearts of cat lovers worldwide. Originating from Maine, USA, they are known as “gentle giants” of the cat world and are indeed the official state cat of Maine. There are fascinating stories linking their ancestry to Marie Antoinette’s cats, as mentioned by Dr. Nicole Savageau from The Vets, adding a touch of historical intrigue to this robust breed. Bred to withstand harsh New England winters, Maine Coons are a sturdy and resilient breed.
While they might not be the delicate lap cats you envision, Maine Coons are certainly lap-filling! Adult males can tip the scales at up to 25 pounds, with females being slightly smaller, ranging from 10 to 14 pounds. However, don’t let their size intimidate you. Beneath their imposing exterior lies a sweet and docile personality, as soft and fluffy as their abundant fur.
Understanding Maine Coon Care
Maine Coons have become incredibly popular pets in the US, and globally, thanks to their endearing personalities and almost dog-like traits. They are one of the largest domestic cat breeds, characterized by their elongated bodies, large heads, and substantial paws. Dr. Savageau points out that their broad, furry paws act as natural snowshoes, perfectly adapted for navigating snowy terrains. Adding to their sure-footedness, many Maine Coons are polydactyl, meaning they possess extra toes on their paws, further enhancing their stability, especially in slippery conditions.
Beyond their size, Maine Coons exhibit some charming dog-like behaviors. They often enjoy playing in water and can even be trained to play fetch. Generally, they are laid-back and enjoy being part of a family, thriving on companionship and interaction.
Maine Coon Health Considerations
While Maine Coons are generally healthy, it’s important to be aware of certain health conditions they may be predisposed to. Their average lifespan is around 13 years, which is slightly shorter than some other cat breeds. Due to the potential for inherited diseases, Dr. Savageau recommends considering pet health insurance, especially for Maine Coon kittens, to help manage potential healthcare costs.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent heart disease in cats. Often, early stages of HCM are asymptomatic, making early detection challenging. As the disease progresses, symptoms resembling heart failure may emerge, including shortness of breath and lethargy. Fortunately, proactive measures can be taken:
- At-Home DNA Tests: HCM’s genetic presentation varies across breeds. Dr. Savageau notes that Maine Coons can carry mutations in two specific genes associated with HCM. At-home DNA tests can screen for these mutations even before clinical signs appear, providing valuable early insights.
- Preventative Veterinary Care: The gold standard for preventive care for Maine Coons regarding HCM is an annual echocardiogram (heart ultrasound), according to Dr. Savageau. Furthermore, when acquiring a Maine Coon, it’s beneficial to inquire with the breeder about the HCM history in the cat’s lineage.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Spinal muscular atrophy is a neurological condition affecting a cat’s motor skills, but crucially, it does not impact their cognitive abilities. Kittens with SMA typically show signs between 3 to 4 months of age. These signs may include reduced muscle tone, weakness, a wobbly gait, and tremors. While SMA necessitates specific care adjustments, cats with this condition can still enjoy a long and fulfilling life.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Similar to humans, a cat’s kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste, regulating fluids, minerals, and electrolytes, and producing hormones. Cats genetically predisposed to polycystic kidney disease (PKD) develop cysts within their kidneys, leading to progressive and irreversible kidney damage.
Similar to HCM, at-home DNA tests can screen for PKD before symptoms manifest. If you are working with a reputable Maine Coon breeder, inquire if both parents have been genetically tested for PKD.
Hip Dysplasia
If your Maine Coon starts to avoid stairs, hesitates to jump to elevated spots, or shows reluctance to squat in the litter box, hip dysplasia could be a potential concern. Hip dysplasia in cats involves improperly formed hip joints that are too loose, potentially leading to arthritis. Management strategies include weight control, a diet supporting joint health, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Chronic Gingivitis
Gingivitis, or gum inflammation, is considered the initial stage of periodontal disease. While all cats are susceptible to gingivitis, Maine Coons may be more prone to feline juvenile gingivitis, sometimes developing it as young as 7 months old. Daily teeth brushing and regular veterinary dental check-ups are paramount for preventing oral diseases.
Nutritional Needs of a Maine Coon
Maine Coons, like other cat breeds, thrive on a diet rich in animal protein. Dr. Savageau recommends selecting cat food labeled with a nutritional adequacy statement from the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) appropriate for their life stage.
Royal Canin offers breed-specific formulas tailored for Maine Coons. They provide a growth formula for Maine Coon kittens and an adult maintenance formula for cats over two years old.
Feeding Practices for Maine Coons
Maine Coons boast the longest whiskers among domestic cat breeds. To avoid whisker fatigue, they prefer wide, shallow food and water bowls that allow them to eat and drink without their sensitive whiskers constantly touching the sides.
While water fountains can encourage hydration in cats, Maine Coons particularly enjoy playing with water. Don’t be surprised to find your water-loving feline splashing around in their water fountain!
Determining Food Quantity
The appropriate amount of food for your Maine Coon depends on factors such as their weight, activity level, health status, and age. Refer to the feeding guidelines on your chosen cat food packaging for general recommendations. However, consulting with your veterinarian is the best approach to determine a personalized diet plan for your cat.
Key Nutritional Considerations
Choosing cat food with an AAFCO nutritional adequacy statement ensures your Maine Coon receives all the necessary nutrients for their life stage. Kittens require food formulated for growth or all life stages, while adult cats need age-specific food. Generally, supplements are unnecessary unless recommended by your veterinarian, although proactive owners might discuss joint supplements with their vet.
Maine Coon Behavior and Training
While individual cat personalities vary, Maine Coons are generally known for their relaxed and affectionate nature.
Temperament and Personality
Maine Coons are often described as excellent family pets due to their gentle and tolerant disposition. Dr. Savageau highlights their compatibility with children and other pets. Despite their size, they are gentle and loving. Interestingly, Maine Coons are not typically very vocal with traditional meows; instead, they often communicate through chirps, chatters, and trills.
Behavioral Traits
Like all cats, Maine Coons need daily interaction and exercise to maintain their well-being. Engaging in playtime for at least 10 minutes daily can help prevent unwanted behaviors like excessive vocalization and furniture scratching.
While they enjoy playful bursts of energy, Maine Coons are also content to spend a significant portion of their day napping in comfortable spots like cat beds, sunny windowsills, or alongside their owners on the couch.
Training Potential
Litter box training is usually straightforward for cats, especially when the litter box is appropriately placed and set up. However, Maine Coons are intelligent and curious, making them capable of learning beyond basic litter box habits. Using positive reinforcement and clicker training, Maine Coons can learn tricks like fist bumps and practical commands such as recall. Training provides mental stimulation and strengthens the bond between you and your cat.
Engaging Activities for Maine Coons
- Playing fetch
- Sunbathing on window perches
- Leash and harness walking
- Birdwatching from a catio (cat patio)
- Puzzle toys
Maine Coon Grooming Essentials
Maine Coons possess thick, long coats that require regular grooming to prevent matting and oiliness.
Skin Care
If you notice an oily buildup in your Maine Coon’s fur, a bath might be necessary. Most Maine Coons tolerate baths, especially if they are introduced to bathing early in life.
Coat Care
Maine Coon coats come in a diverse array of colors and patterns, from white to tabby, calico, and chocolate. Regardless of color, their double-layered coats, which once protected them from harsh Maine winters, require routine grooming. Dr. Savageau recommends brushing your Maine Coon two to three times a week to prevent matting. If mats become significant, professional grooming may be needed.
Eye Care
Maine Coons have oval-shaped eyes in shades of gold, green, and blue. Typically, their eyes don’t require special care. However, if you observe unusual discharge, redness, or crustiness, consult your veterinarian, as these could indicate eye problems that usually resolve with medication.
Ear Care
To prevent ear infections in their large ears, keep them clean and dry, especially after baths or swimming. Dr. Savageau advises that signs of ear infection include redness, odor, discharge, and the need for veterinary attention.
Pet Parent Considerations
Bringing a Maine Coon into your home means welcoming them as a full family member. While they may be too large to be traditional lap cats, they are affectionate and need plenty of interaction with their loved ones.
Beyond quality time, Maine Coons need stimulating activities to stay content. Dr. Savageau suggests providing a very large and tall cat tree (at least 6 feet tall with a sturdy base) to allow them to stretch and climb. In general, everything for a Maine Coon, from litter boxes to beds, should be appropriately sized for their larger stature.
Maine Coon FAQs
Is a Maine Coon a good pet?
Yes! Maine Coon cats are known to be excellent pets. They are wonderful with children and other animals, intelligent and curious, making them trainable and fun to teach tricks. Many owners cherish their Maine Coons for their dog-like qualities, such as their enjoyment of fetch and water.
What is the cost of a Maine Coon cat?
The price of a Maine Coon cat can range from $400 to $2,000, depending on factors like lineage, breeder reputation, and location. Beyond the initial purchase price, remember to budget for ongoing care, including routine and emergency veterinary care, grooming, and pet-sitting services.
If you are interested in adopting a Maine Coon, consider checking your local animal shelters or Maine Coon rescues. You might find a Maine Coon or a Maine Coon mix in need of a loving home.
How large do Maine Coon cats get?
Maine Coons are indeed large cats, being one of the biggest domestic breeds. Males typically weigh between 18 and 25 pounds, while females range from 10 to 14 pounds.
Featured Image: iStock/nikkytok
WRITTEN BY
Janelle Leeson
Freelance Writer
