Opossums, often misunderstood creatures, are North America’s only native marsupials and are typically considered wild animals. While you might encounter them in your backyard, the thought of keeping one as a pet may cross your mind. But, can you keep an opossum as a pet legally and ethically? This guide delves into the world of opossum pet ownership, exploring the legalities, care requirements, and whether these unique animals are truly suitable companions.
Legality of Opossums as Pets: State by State
The legality of owning an opossum varies significantly depending on where you live. As they are generally classified as wildlife, many states have regulations in place concerning keeping them as pets. It’s crucial to understand that most states ban keeping opossums as pets, falling under general wildlife ownership restrictions. However, there are exceptions.
Some states have a more lenient approach to owning certain types of wildlife, including opossums. As of the last update, states like Arkansas, Connecticut, Wyoming, and Wisconsin do not have a state-wide permit requirement for keeping opossums as pets. Oregon provides a distinction, not requiring a permit for short-tailed opossums, but mandating one for Virginia opossums.
In a larger number of states, owning an opossum is possible but necessitates obtaining a special permit. These states include Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Virginia. It’s important to note that permit requirements can vary, and you should always check with your state’s wildlife or natural resources agency for the most current and specific regulations. For example, in Missouri, while opossums are generally permissible, the Virginia opossum is categorized as a large carnivore, requiring a specific large carnivore permit. Similarly, Nebraska requires a captive wildlife permit before you can legally keep an opossum as a pet.
Before considering an opossum as a pet, your first step must be to research your local and state laws. Regulations can change, and penalties for illegally keeping wildlife can be severe. Contacting your state’s wildlife agency is the most reliable way to determine the legal status of opossum ownership in your area.
Are Opossums Suitable Pets? Understanding Opossum Pet Potential
Even if legal in your area, the question remains: do opossums make good pets? The answer is nuanced and largely depends on the species of opossum and your expectations as a pet owner.
Generally, when people consider opossums as pets, they are often referring to short-tailed opossums. These smaller marsupials differ significantly from their larger Virginia opossum cousins and are often favored as pets.
Short-Tailed Opossums: The Beginner-Friendly Opossum Pet
Short-tailed opossums are often considered better pets, particularly for those new to exotic pet ownership. They are significantly smaller than Virginia opossums, making them easier to house and handle. Known for being affectionate and relatively clean, short-tailed opossums can form bonds with their owners. They are also generally healthy animals, contributing to their appeal as pets. Their small size also translates to lower upkeep costs compared to larger animals.
However, like any pet, short-tailed opossums have specific needs. They are adept escape artists, requiring a secure and appropriate cage. A large, well-ventilated 20-gallon or larger aquarium or a mesh wire cage is recommended to provide ample space and prevent escapes.
Virginia Opossums: Wild Nature and Pet Ownership Challenges
Virginia opossums, the more commonly seen opossum in the wild, present greater challenges as pets. While some individuals may be kept as pets, often due to rescue situations, they are fundamentally wild animals. Their larger size, stronger wild instincts, and potential for aggression make them less suitable for typical pet ownership compared to short-tailed opossums. Furthermore, their dietary and enrichment needs can be more complex to meet in a domestic setting.
Caring for a Pet Opossum: Diet, Housing, and Lifespan
Regardless of the species, owning an opossum requires a commitment to providing specialized care.
Housing
As mentioned, a secure cage is paramount. Whether you choose an aquarium or a wire cage, ensure it is large enough for the opossum to move comfortably and explore. Vertical space is beneficial, and branches or climbing structures can enrich their environment. Provide bedding material for burrowing and hiding, and include hiding boxes or shelters to create a sense of security.
Diet
Opossums are omnivores with a varied natural diet. For short-tailed opossums, commercially available short-tail opossum food is a convenient option. Alternatively, high-quality cat or ferret food can be used. It’s crucial to ensure their diet is low in fat and high in protein to maintain their health.
Supplement their dry food with variety. Live insects such as crickets or mealworms are excellent sources of protein and enrichment. Fresh fruits and vegetables should also be offered regularly, up to five times a week, providing essential vitamins and minerals. Always research safe fruits and vegetables for opossums, avoiding toxic options.
Hydration is critical. Opossums, especially short-tailed opossums, are prone to dehydration. Fresh, clean water should always be available in hanging water bottles to prevent spillage and contamination.
Lifespan
With proper care, you can expect a pet opossum, particularly a short-tailed opossum, to live for six years or more. Providing a suitable environment, a nutritious diet, and regular veterinary care are key factors in maximizing their lifespan and ensuring a healthy life.
Conclusion: Responsible Opossum Pet Ownership
Keeping an opossum as a pet is a significant decision that requires careful consideration. While short-tailed opossums can be affectionate and relatively easy to care for compared to some exotic pets, they are still not domesticated animals. Legality is a primary hurdle, and even where legal, the responsibility of providing proper care for a wild animal should not be taken lightly.
Before bringing an opossum into your home, thoroughly research your state and local laws. Understand the specific needs of the species you are considering, and be honest about your ability to provide a suitable environment and commitment to their long-term care. If you are prepared for the unique challenges and rewards, and it is legal to do so, a short-tailed opossum might be a fascinating and unique pet for the right owner. However, for most people, appreciating opossums in their natural wild habitat is the most ethical and appropriate approach.
