Can You Buy Squirrels As Pets: Laws & Care

Squirrels are often seen scampering around parks and backyards, their bushy tails held high as they forage for nuts and seeds. These charismatic creatures can be endearing, leading some to wonder, Can You Buy Squirrels As Pets? PETS.EDU.VN delves into the legality, ethical considerations, and practical aspects of keeping squirrels as companions. Understanding the complexities involved ensures responsible pet ownership and protects these fascinating animals. Explore squirrel ownership, exotic pet legality, and animal welfare.

1. Understanding the Legality of Squirrel Ownership

Before you consider bringing a squirrel into your home, it’s crucial to understand the legal landscape surrounding squirrel ownership. Laws vary significantly from state to state, and even from city to city. What might be perfectly legal in one area could be strictly prohibited in another. This section provides a comprehensive overview of the legal considerations, helping you navigate the complexities of exotic pet ownership.

1.1 State-by-State Regulations on Squirrel Ownership

The legality of owning a squirrel as a pet is primarily governed at the state level. Here’s a glimpse into how different states approach this issue:

States Where Squirrels Are Generally Prohibited: Many states classify squirrels as wild animals and prohibit their possession as pets. These states often have concerns about wildlife conservation, public health, and the potential for invasive species. Examples may include California, Hawaii, and others with strict regulations on exotic animals.
States Where Permits May Be Required: Some states allow squirrel ownership, but only with a permit. These permits often come with specific requirements, such as demonstrating adequate knowledge of squirrel care, providing appropriate housing, and adhering to veterinary health standards. States like Virginia or North Carolina might fall into this category.
States With More Lenient Regulations: A few states have more relaxed regulations regarding squirrel ownership. However, even in these states, it’s essential to check local ordinances and homeowner association rules, as they may impose additional restrictions.

Legal Disclaimer: Regulations change frequently, so it’s essential to verify the most up-to-date laws in your specific location before acquiring a squirrel. PETS.EDU.VN recommends consulting with your state’s Department of Natural Resources or a local animal control agency for accurate and current information.

1.2 City and County Ordinances

Even within a state that allows squirrel ownership, city and county ordinances can further regulate or prohibit keeping squirrels as pets. These local laws may address concerns specific to urban or suburban environments, such as preventing property damage, minimizing the risk of human-wildlife conflict, and maintaining neighborhood aesthetics.

1.3 Federal Laws and Regulations

While federal laws typically don’t directly address the ownership of individual squirrels, they do regulate the interstate transport and sale of certain animals. The Lacey Act, for instance, prohibits the interstate transport of animals that violate state or federal laws. If you’re considering acquiring a squirrel from out of state, you must ensure that both the sending and receiving states allow such possession.

1.4 Potential Penalties for Illegal Squirrel Ownership

Owning a squirrel in violation of state or local laws can result in a range of penalties, including:

Fines: Monetary penalties can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars, depending on the severity of the violation and the jurisdiction.
Confiscation of the Animal: Wildlife authorities may seize illegally possessed squirrels and relocate them to a suitable habitat or sanctuary.
Criminal Charges: In some cases, illegal squirrel ownership can lead to misdemeanor or even felony charges, particularly if the animal poses a threat to public safety or the environment.

A curious eastern gray squirrel perched on a branch.

2. Ethical Considerations Before Getting a Squirrel

Beyond the legal aspects, ethical considerations play a vital role in deciding whether or not to keep a squirrel as a pet. Squirrels are wild animals with specific needs that can be challenging to meet in a domestic environment. This section explores the ethical dilemmas surrounding squirrel ownership, encouraging potential owners to carefully evaluate their ability to provide a suitable life for these creatures.

2.1 The Welfare of Squirrels in Captivity

Squirrels are highly active and intelligent animals with complex behavioral needs. In the wild, they spend their days foraging, building nests, interacting with their social groups, and exploring their environment. Confining a squirrel to a cage or a house, even with enrichment activities, can severely limit its natural behaviors and lead to stress, boredom, and behavioral problems.

2.2 Meeting the Complex Needs of a Wild Animal

Squirrels require a specialized diet, ample space for climbing and running, and opportunities for mental stimulation. Meeting these needs in a captive environment can be difficult and expensive. Without proper care, squirrels can suffer from malnutrition, obesity, dental problems, and a range of other health issues.

2.3 The Impact on Wild Populations

Removing squirrels from their natural habitat can have negative consequences for wild populations. It can disrupt social structures, reduce genetic diversity, and contribute to local extinctions. Additionally, the demand for pet squirrels can encourage illegal trapping and trade, further endangering wild populations.

2.4 Alternatives to Keeping Squirrels as Pets

For those who admire squirrels but recognize the ethical challenges of keeping them as pets, several alternatives exist:

Wildlife Rehabilitation: Volunteering at a wildlife rehabilitation center allows you to help injured or orphaned squirrels, providing them with care and eventually releasing them back into the wild.
Supporting Conservation Efforts: Donating to organizations that protect squirrel habitats and promote wildlife conservation can make a positive impact on squirrel populations.
Enjoying Squirrels in Their Natural Habitat: Observing squirrels in parks and forests can be a rewarding experience without impacting their well-being.

PETS.EDU.VN encourages prospective pet owners to prioritize the animal’s welfare above their desire to own an exotic pet. Thorough research, careful consideration, and a commitment to providing the best possible care are essential for responsible pet ownership.

3. Understanding Squirrel Behavior and Needs

Before you can even consider if you should acquire a squirrel, it’s vital to understand their natural behaviors, dietary requirements, and environmental needs. Squirrels are not domesticated animals; they are wild creatures with instincts and behaviors that are not easily modified.

3.1 Natural Behaviors of Squirrels

Squirrels are naturally active, curious, and intelligent animals. Understanding their natural behaviors is crucial to providing appropriate care in a captive environment.

Foraging: Squirrels spend a significant amount of their time foraging for food. They have a keen sense of smell and can locate buried nuts and seeds with remarkable accuracy.
Nesting: Squirrels build nests, called dreys, in trees or other sheltered locations. These nests provide protection from the elements and serve as a place to raise their young.
Climbing and Jumping: Squirrels are highly agile climbers and jumpers. They use their sharp claws and bushy tails for balance and can navigate through trees with ease.
Social Interactions: Some squirrel species are solitary, while others live in social groups. Social squirrels communicate with each other through a variety of vocalizations and body language.
Caching: Squirrels are known for caching food for later consumption. They bury nuts and seeds in the ground, often forgetting where they buried them, which contributes to seed dispersal and forest regeneration.

3.2 Dietary Requirements of Squirrels

A squirrel’s diet in the wild consists primarily of nuts, seeds, fruits, and fungi. In captivity, it’s essential to replicate this diet as closely as possible to ensure their health and well-being.

Nuts and Seeds: Offer a variety of nuts and seeds, such as acorns, walnuts, pecans, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds. Avoid feeding squirrels salted or processed nuts, as these can be harmful to their health.
Fruits and Vegetables: Supplement their diet with fresh fruits and vegetables, such as apples, berries, carrots, and broccoli.
Protein: Squirrels also need a source of protein in their diet. You can offer them small amounts of insects, such as mealworms or crickets, or a commercial rodent block.
Water: Always provide fresh, clean water for your squirrel.

Caution: Never feed squirrels chocolate, caffeine, or sugary foods, as these can be toxic to them.

3.3 Environmental Needs of Squirrels

Squirrels require a spacious and stimulating environment to thrive in captivity.

Cage Size: A squirrel cage should be as large as possible, with plenty of vertical space for climbing. A minimum size of 4ft x 4ft x 6ft is recommended.
Enrichment: Provide a variety of enrichment items to keep your squirrel mentally stimulated, such as branches, ropes, tunnels, and chew toys.
Nesting Box: Offer a nesting box or a cozy bed where your squirrel can sleep and feel secure.
Temperature and Humidity: Squirrels are sensitive to temperature and humidity. Keep their environment at a comfortable temperature and humidity level.
Sunlight: Provide access to natural sunlight or a full-spectrum light to ensure proper vitamin D production.

A squirrel showcasing its natural foraging behavior while enjoying a nut.

4. Sourcing a Pet Squirrel: Where to Find Them

If you’ve carefully considered the legal and ethical implications and are confident that you can provide a suitable home for a squirrel, the next step is to find a reputable source. However, be aware that sourcing a squirrel can be challenging, as many breeders and pet stores do not sell them due to legal restrictions and ethical concerns.

4.1 Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers

One of the most ethical ways to acquire a squirrel is through a wildlife rehabilitation center. These centers often care for orphaned or injured squirrels that cannot be released back into the wild. In some cases, they may be able to adopt out these squirrels to responsible owners who can provide them with a permanent home, with required permits.

4.2 Licensed Breeders (If Available)

In some states where squirrel ownership is legal, licensed breeders may exist. These breeders specialize in raising squirrels for the pet trade and can provide you with a healthy, well-socialized animal. However, it’s essential to thoroughly research any breeder before acquiring a squirrel from them to ensure that they are reputable and ethical.

4.3 Rescue Organizations

Animal rescue organizations may occasionally have squirrels available for adoption. These organizations typically focus on rescuing and rehoming domestic animals, but they may also take in squirrels that have been abandoned or surrendered by their owners.

4.4 Avoiding Illegal Sources

It’s crucial to avoid acquiring squirrels from illegal sources, such as trappers or unlicensed breeders. These sources often prioritize profit over the welfare of the animals and may engage in unethical or inhumane practices. Buying a squirrel from an illegal source can also subject you to legal penalties.

4.5 Questions to Ask a Breeder or Rescue Organization

Before acquiring a squirrel from any source, ask the following questions:

Is it legal to own a squirrel in my state and city?
Do I need a permit to own a squirrel?
How old is the squirrel?
What is the squirrel’s health history?
What is the squirrel’s temperament like?
What is the squirrel’s diet?
What are the squirrel’s housing requirements?
Can I see the squirrel’s living environment?
Can I interact with the squirrel before adopting it?

5. Housing Your Pet Squirrel

Providing appropriate housing is essential for the health and well-being of your pet squirrel. Squirrels are active and curious animals that need plenty of space to climb, jump, and explore.

5.1 Cage Requirements

Size: The cage should be as large as possible, with a minimum size of 4ft x 4ft x 6ft.
Material: The cage should be made of sturdy, non-toxic materials that cannot be easily chewed or damaged.
Bar Spacing: The bar spacing should be small enough to prevent the squirrel from escaping.
Ventilation: The cage should have adequate ventilation to prevent the buildup of ammonia and other harmful gases.
Security: The cage should be secure enough to prevent the squirrel from escaping and to protect it from predators.

5.2 Indoor vs. Outdoor Housing

Squirrels can be housed indoors or outdoors, depending on the climate and your personal preferences.

Indoor Housing: Indoor housing is ideal for climates with extreme temperatures or for owners who want to keep a close eye on their squirrel. Indoor cages should be placed in a well-lit, well-ventilated area away from drafts and direct sunlight.
Outdoor Housing: Outdoor housing can provide squirrels with more space and exposure to natural sunlight. However, outdoor cages must be secure enough to protect the squirrel from predators and the elements.

5.3 Cage Furnishings and Enrichment

Branches: Provide plenty of branches for climbing and perching.
Ropes: Hang ropes and swings from the cage ceiling for the squirrel to play on.
Tunnels: Offer tunnels and tubes for the squirrel to explore.
Chew Toys: Provide a variety of chew toys to keep the squirrel’s teeth healthy and to prevent boredom.
Nesting Box: Offer a nesting box or a cozy bed where your squirrel can sleep and feel secure.
Food and Water Bowls: Place food and water bowls in easily accessible locations.
Substrate: Use a safe and absorbent substrate, such as shredded paper or wood shavings, to line the bottom of the cage.

A gray squirrel in its cage, showcasing suitable housing and enrichment items.

6. Feeding Your Pet Squirrel

Providing a balanced and nutritious diet is essential for the health and well-being of your pet squirrel. Squirrels have specific dietary requirements that must be met to prevent malnutrition and other health problems.

6.1 Recommended Foods

Nuts and Seeds: Offer a variety of nuts and seeds, such as acorns, walnuts, pecans, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds.
Fruits and Vegetables: Supplement their diet with fresh fruits and vegetables, such as apples, berries, carrots, and broccoli.
Protein: Squirrels also need a source of protein in their diet. You can offer them small amounts of insects, such as mealworms or crickets, or a commercial rodent block.
Commercial Squirrel Food: Commercial squirrel food is available at some pet stores and online retailers. These foods are formulated to meet the specific nutritional needs of squirrels.

6.2 Foods to Avoid

Chocolate: Chocolate is toxic to squirrels and should never be fed to them.
Caffeine: Caffeine is also toxic to squirrels and should be avoided.
Sugary Foods: Sugary foods can lead to obesity and dental problems.
Salty Foods: Salty foods can lead to dehydration and other health problems.
Processed Foods: Processed foods are often high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats.

6.3 Feeding Schedule

Adult Squirrels: Feed adult squirrels once or twice a day.
Baby Squirrels: Baby squirrels need to be fed more frequently, every 2-3 hours.

6.4 Water

Always provide fresh, clean water for your squirrel. Water should be available at all times.

6.5 Supplementation

Consult with a veterinarian or a wildlife rehabilitator to determine if your squirrel needs any vitamin or mineral supplements.

Table: Nutritional Needs of Squirrels

Nutrient	Importance	Sources
Protein	Muscle development, tissue repair	Insects, nuts, seeds, commercial rodent blocks
Carbohydrates	Energy	Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds
Fats	Energy storage, hormone production	Nuts, seeds
Vitamins	Immune function, bone health	Fruits, vegetables, commercial squirrel food, supplements (if needed)
Minerals	Bone health, nerve function	Fruits, vegetables, commercial squirrel food, supplements (if needed)
Fresh Water	Hydration, essential for all bodily functions	Available at all times
Fiber	Digestive health	Fruits, vegetables

7. Caring for Your Pet Squirrel’s Health

Maintaining your pet squirrel’s health requires a proactive approach, including regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, and a clean living environment. Squirrels are susceptible to various health problems, some of which can be prevented with proper care.

7.1 Finding a Veterinarian

Finding a veterinarian who is experienced in treating squirrels can be challenging. Not all veterinarians are comfortable or knowledgeable about treating exotic animals. Contact local wildlife rehabilitation centers or exotic pet organizations for referrals to veterinarians who specialize in squirrel care.

7.2 Common Health Problems in Squirrels

Malnutrition: Malnutrition can occur if squirrels are not fed a balanced diet. Symptoms include weight loss, lethargy, and poor coat condition.
Obesity: Obesity can occur if squirrels are overfed or fed a diet high in fat and sugar. Symptoms include weight gain, lethargy, and difficulty moving.
Dental Problems: Dental problems are common in squirrels, particularly those fed a diet of soft foods. Symptoms include difficulty eating, drooling, and bad breath.
Parasites: Squirrels can be infested with internal and external parasites, such as worms, fleas, and mites. Symptoms include itching, scratching, and hair loss.
Respiratory Infections: Respiratory infections are common in squirrels, particularly those housed in poorly ventilated environments. Symptoms include coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge.
Metabolic Bone Disease: Metabolic bone disease is a condition that affects the bones, making them weak and brittle. It is caused by a lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet.
Trauma: Squirrels can be injured from falls, fights, or other accidents.

7.3 Preventative Care

Regular Veterinary Checkups: Schedule regular veterinary checkups to monitor your squirrel’s health and to detect any potential problems early on.
Balanced Diet: Feed your squirrel a balanced diet that meets their specific nutritional needs.
Clean Environment: Keep your squirrel’s environment clean and sanitary to prevent the spread of disease.
Parasite Control: Use appropriate parasite control products to prevent and treat parasite infestations.
Vaccinations: There are no vaccines specifically for squirrels, but your veterinarian may recommend certain vaccinations to protect them from diseases that are common in your area.

7.4 Recognizing Signs of Illness

Changes in Appetite: A sudden decrease or increase in appetite can be a sign of illness.
Lethargy: Lethargy is a sign that your squirrel is not feeling well.
Changes in Behavior: Changes in behavior, such as aggression or withdrawal, can be a sign of illness.
Difficulty Breathing: Difficulty breathing is a serious sign that requires immediate veterinary attention.
Discharge from Eyes or Nose: Discharge from the eyes or nose can be a sign of a respiratory infection.
Hair Loss: Hair loss can be a sign of a parasite infestation or other health problem.
Lumps or Bumps: Lumps or bumps can be a sign of a tumor or other health problem.

If you notice any of these signs of illness, contact your veterinarian immediately.

8. Training and Socialization

Training and socialization are essential for ensuring that your pet squirrel is well-behaved and can interact safely with humans and other animals. However, it’s important to remember that squirrels are wild animals, and their behavior cannot be completely controlled.

8.1 Building Trust

The first step in training and socializing a squirrel is to build trust. This can be done by spending time with your squirrel, talking to it in a calm and gentle voice, and offering it treats.

8.2 Positive Reinforcement

Use positive reinforcement techniques to train your squirrel. Reward desired behaviors with treats or praise. Avoid using punishment, as this can damage your relationship with your squirrel and make it fearful.

8.3 Basic Commands

You can teach your squirrel basic commands, such as “come,” “stay,” and “go.” Start by using a hand signal or a verbal cue, and then reward the squirrel when it performs the desired behavior.

8.4 Socialization with Humans

Expose your squirrel to a variety of people, including men, women, and children. This will help it become comfortable around humans and reduce the risk of it becoming aggressive.

8.5 Socialization with Other Animals

If you have other pets, introduce them to your squirrel gradually and under supervision. Squirrels can be territorial and may not get along with all animals.

8.6 Biting and Scratching

Squirrels have sharp teeth and claws and can bite or scratch if they feel threatened. Teach your squirrel not to bite or scratch by gently discouraging these behaviors. If your squirrel bites or scratches, say “no” firmly and then ignore it for a few minutes.

A squirrel being held by a person, showcasing trust and socialization.

9. Enrichment Activities for Squirrels

Squirrels are intelligent and active animals that need plenty of mental and physical stimulation to thrive in captivity. Providing enrichment activities is essential for preventing boredom, reducing stress, and promoting overall well-being.

9.1 Climbing and Exploring

Branches: Provide plenty of branches for climbing and perching.
Ropes: Hang ropes and swings from the cage ceiling for the squirrel to play on.
Tunnels: Offer tunnels and tubes for the squirrel to explore.
Climbing Walls: Create a climbing wall using wood or other safe materials.

9.2 Foraging Opportunities

Hiding Food: Hide food in different locations around the cage to encourage foraging behavior.
Puzzle Toys: Use puzzle toys that require the squirrel to solve a problem to get a treat.
Digging Box: Provide a digging box filled with soil or other safe materials for the squirrel to dig in.

9.3 Chew Toys

Wood Blocks: Offer wood blocks for the squirrel to chew on.
Cardboard Boxes: Provide cardboard boxes for the squirrel to shred.
Nuts in Shells: Offer nuts in their shells for the squirrel to crack open.

9.4 Social Interaction

Spend Time with Your Squirrel: Spend time with your squirrel each day, talking to it, playing with it, and offering it treats.
Provide a Companion: If you have the space and resources, consider getting a companion squirrel for your pet.

9.5 Rotate Enrichment Items

Rotate enrichment items regularly to keep your squirrel interested and engaged.

10. Releasing a Pet Squirrel Back into the Wild

Releasing a pet squirrel back into the wild is generally not recommended, as it can be detrimental to the animal’s survival and to the wild squirrel population. Squirrels raised in captivity often lack the skills and instincts necessary to survive in the wild, and they may be unable to find food, build nests, or avoid predators.

10.1 Why Releasing Is Problematic

Lack of Survival Skills: Captive-raised squirrels may not know how to forage for food, build nests, or avoid predators.
Dependence on Humans: Captive-raised squirrels may become dependent on humans for food and shelter, making it difficult for them to adapt to the wild.
Disease Transmission: Captive-raised squirrels may carry diseases that can be transmitted to wild squirrel populations.
Disruption of Wild Populations: Releasing captive-raised squirrels can disrupt the social structure of wild squirrel populations and lead to competition for resources.

10.2 Alternatives to Release

Lifelong Care: If you are unable to care for your pet squirrel, the best option is to find a new home for it with someone who is experienced in squirrel care.
Sanctuaries: Some animal sanctuaries may be able to provide a permanent home for your pet squirrel.

10.3 Legal Considerations

Releasing a pet squirrel into the wild may be illegal in some states. Check with your state’s Department of Natural Resources before releasing any animal into the wild.

If You Find a Wild Squirrel:

If you find a wild squirrel that appears to be injured or orphaned, contact a local wildlife rehabilitation center for assistance. Do not attempt to care for the squirrel yourself, as this can be harmful to the animal.

A baby squirrel being cared for, highlighting the importance of expert rehabilitation.

FAQ: Squirrel Ownership

Here are some frequently asked questions about squirrel ownership:

Is it legal to own a squirrel as a pet?
- Laws vary by state and locality. Check your local regulations.
What do squirrels eat?
- Nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, and occasionally insects.
How big of a cage do squirrels need?
- A minimum of 4ft x 4ft x 6ft is recommended.
Do squirrels bite?
- Yes, they can bite if they feel threatened.
Can I train a squirrel?
- Yes, with positive reinforcement.
Do squirrels need vet care?
- Yes, find a vet experienced with exotic animals.
Are squirrels good pets for children?
- They require careful handling and are not suitable for all children.
Can I release a pet squirrel into the wild?
- Generally not recommended.
How long do squirrels live?
- 5-10 years in captivity.
Where can I find a pet squirrel?
- Wildlife rehabilitation centers or licensed breeders (if available).

Conclusion: Making an Informed Decision

The question “Can you buy squirrels as pets” is not a simple yes or no. While it may be legal in some areas, the ethical and practical considerations are significant. Squirrels are wild animals with complex needs that are difficult to meet in a captive environment.

PETS.EDU.VN encourages potential pet owners to carefully weigh the pros and cons of squirrel ownership before making a decision. Consider the legal implications, the ethical considerations, and your ability to provide a suitable home for a squirrel.

If you’re passionate about animal welfare and exotic pet ownership, PETS.EDU.VN offers a wealth of information to guide you. From detailed care guides to expert advice, we’re here to help you make informed decisions and provide the best possible life for your animal companions.

Need more information or assistance?

Address: 789 Paw Lane, Petville, CA 91234, United States

WhatsApp: +1 555-987-6543

Website: pets.edu.vn

A squirrel perched on a feeder, looking towards the camera.