Can Squirrels Be Kept As Pets Legally & Safely

Can Squirrels Be Kept As Pets? Absolutely You can delve into the world of squirrel ownership and discover how to provide a fulfilling life for these captivating creatures with PETS.EDU.VN. Learn about squirrel care, legality, and creating an enriching environment for your furry friend. Discover everything about squirrel adoption, squirrel habitat and squirrel behavior.

1. Understanding the Allure of Squirrel Ownership

The idea of keeping a squirrel as a pet might seem unusual to some, but for many animal lovers, it holds a certain appeal. Squirrels are intelligent, playful, and undeniably cute. Their acrobatic antics and curious nature can bring a lot of joy to a household. However, before you rush out to acquire a squirrel, it’s crucial to understand the complexities involved in caring for these wild animals. Keeping squirrels as pets is very different than keeping cats or dogs as pets.

1.1. The Wild Nature of Squirrels

Squirrels are not domesticated animals like cats or dogs. They retain their wild instincts and behaviors, which can make them challenging to care for in a domestic setting. Unlike domesticated animals who have been selectively bred for certain traits over generations, squirrels have not undergone this process, maintaining their natural, sometimes unpredictable, behaviors. Understanding this inherent wildness is the first step in determining if you’re truly prepared to take on the responsibility of squirrel ownership.

1.2. Legal Considerations

Before even considering bringing a squirrel into your home, it’s essential to research the laws regarding keeping squirrels as pets in your area. Regulations vary widely from state to state, and even from city to city. Some jurisdictions may require permits or licenses, while others outright prohibit keeping squirrels as pets. Ignoring these regulations can lead to fines, confiscation of the animal, or other legal repercussions. For example, some states may allow you to keep a squirrel if it’s been injured and you’re rehabilitating it, but not as a permanent pet.

1.3. Ethical Considerations

Beyond the legal aspects, it’s important to consider the ethical implications of keeping a wild animal in captivity. Squirrels have specific needs and behaviors that may be difficult to replicate in a domestic environment. Can you provide the space, enrichment, and social interaction that a squirrel needs to thrive? Are you prepared to commit to the long-term care of an animal that may live for 10 years or more? These are critical questions to ask yourself before bringing a squirrel into your home. At PETS.EDU.VN we encourage responsible pet ownership and making informed decisions based on the animal’s best interests.

2. Legal Landscape: Can You Legally Keep a Squirrel?

Navigating the legal maze surrounding squirrel ownership can be tricky. As mentioned earlier, regulations vary significantly depending on your location. Here’s a more in-depth look at the legal landscape:

2.1. State Regulations

Permitted States: Some states have relatively lenient laws regarding squirrel ownership. They may require a permit, but the process is often straightforward. States like North Carolina and Nevada allow certain squirrel species to be kept as pets with proper documentation.
Restricted States: Other states have stricter regulations, often prohibiting the keeping of wild animals, including squirrels, as pets. States like California and Hawaii have stringent laws aimed at protecting their native wildlife.
Case-by-Case Basis: In some states, the legality of keeping a squirrel may depend on the specific species or the circumstances in which the animal was acquired. For example, some states may allow you to keep an orphaned squirrel that you’re rehabilitating, but not a healthy adult squirrel captured from the wild.

State	Regulations
North Carolina	Allows certain squirrel species with a permit
Nevada	Allows certain squirrel species with proper documentation
California	Strictly prohibits keeping wild animals, including squirrels
Hawaii	Stringent laws aimed at protecting native wildlife, generally prohibiting squirrel ownership
Virginia	Permits required; grey squirrels and fox squirrels cannot be kept.
West Virginia	Squirrels on the “native wildlife prohibited list” cannot be kept.
Kansas	Squirrels are on the list of inherently dangerous regulated animals which cannot be possessed with very limited exception.
Minnesota	Requires a permit for any wild animal

2.2. Local Ordinances

In addition to state laws, it’s crucial to check local city and county ordinances. These regulations may be even more specific and restrictive than state laws. For example, a city ordinance might prohibit keeping any wild animal within city limits, regardless of state law.

2.3. Fines and Penalties

Violating regulations regarding squirrel ownership can result in hefty fines, confiscation of the animal, and even criminal charges in some cases. It’s simply not worth the risk to ignore these laws.

2.4. Finding Accurate Information

The best way to determine the legality of keeping a squirrel in your area is to contact your state’s Department of Natural Resources or Fish and Wildlife Agency. You can also consult with a local attorney who specializes in animal law. Be sure to get the information in writing to protect yourself in case of any misunderstandings. PETS.EDU.VN always recommends consulting local authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable laws.

3. Essential Considerations Before Getting a Squirrel

So, you’ve checked the laws and determined that it’s legal to keep a squirrel in your area. Before you proceed, there are several other critical factors to consider:

3.1. Squirrel Species

There are many different species of squirrels, each with its own unique needs and behaviors. The most common types of squirrels include:

Eastern Gray Squirrel: Highly adaptable, found in various habitats.
Fox Squirrel: Larger than gray squirrels, known for their reddish-brown fur.
Red Squirrel: Smaller and more territorial, with a distinctive reddish coat.
Flying Squirrel: Nocturnal and gliding abilities due to skin membranes.

Choosing the right species is important, as some may be more suitable for captivity than others. For example, flying squirrels are nocturnal, which means they’ll be most active when you’re trying to sleep. Additionally, some species may have specific dietary requirements or be more prone to certain health problems.

Squirrel Species	Size	Activity Pattern	Habitat
Eastern Gray	Medium	Diurnal	Forests, parks, suburban areas
Fox Squirrel	Large	Diurnal	Open woodlands, agricultural areas
Red Squirrel	Small	Diurnal	Coniferous forests
Southern Flying	Small	Nocturnal	Deciduous forests
Northern Flying	Small	Nocturnal	Boreal forests

3.2. Sourcing Your Squirrel

Acquiring a squirrel can be done in several ways, each with its own set of considerations:

Wildlife Rehabilitators: These licensed professionals care for injured or orphaned wild animals with the goal of releasing them back into the wild. Sometimes, a squirrel may be deemed unreleasable due to its injuries or lack of survival skills. In such cases, the rehabilitator may be willing to place the squirrel with a suitable caretaker.
Breeders: In some areas, it may be possible to find breeders who specialize in raising squirrels for the pet trade. However, it’s important to do your research and ensure that the breeder is reputable and treats their animals humanely.
Rescues: Although less common, some animal rescues may occasionally have squirrels available for adoption. This is a great option if you’re looking to provide a home for a squirrel in need.

Regardless of how you acquire your squirrel, it’s essential to ensure that the animal is healthy and has been properly cared for. A reputable source will be able to provide you with information about the squirrel’s history, health, and dietary needs.

3.3. Housing Requirements

Squirrels are active animals that need plenty of space to move around and exercise. A cage that is too small can lead to stress, boredom, and health problems.

Cage Size: The minimum cage size for a squirrel should be at least 4ft wide, 4ft deep and 6ft tall. However, bigger is always better. The cage should be made of sturdy wire mesh with small openings to prevent the squirrel from escaping.
Cage Enrichment: The cage should be furnished with a variety of enrichment items to keep the squirrel entertained and stimulated. This might include branches for climbing, nesting boxes for sleeping, and toys for chewing.
Location: The cage should be located in a quiet area of the house away from direct sunlight and drafts. Squirrels are sensitive to temperature changes, so it’s important to keep them in a stable environment.

3.4. Dietary Needs

Squirrels have specific dietary needs that must be met to maintain their health. A proper diet should consist of a variety of nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, and insects.

Nuts and Seeds: These should make up the bulk of the squirrel’s diet. Good options include almonds, walnuts, pecans, and sunflower seeds.
Fruits and Vegetables: Offer a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, such as apples, bananas, grapes, carrots, and broccoli.
Insects: Squirrels also need a source of protein, which they can get from insects like mealworms or crickets.
Water: Always provide fresh, clean water for your squirrel.

It’s important to avoid feeding squirrels processed foods, sugary treats, or foods that are toxic to them, such as chocolate or onions. At PETS.EDU.VN, you can find detailed guides on proper squirrel nutrition and feeding schedules.

3.5. Veterinary Care

Finding a veterinarian who is experienced in treating squirrels can be a challenge. Many vets primarily treat cats and dogs and may not have the knowledge or experience to properly care for a squirrel.

Exotic Animal Vet: Look for a veterinarian who specializes in exotic animals. These vets have specific training in treating animals other than cats and dogs.
Preventative Care: Regular checkups are important to ensure that your squirrel is healthy and free from parasites or diseases.
Emergency Care: Be prepared to handle emergencies. Know where to take your squirrel in case of illness or injury.

Aspect	Details
Housing	Minimum 4ft x 4ft x 6ft cage, sturdy wire mesh, secure latches.
Enrichment	Branches, nesting boxes, chew toys, climbing structures.
Diet	Nuts (almonds, walnuts, pecans), seeds (sunflower), fruits (apples, bananas), vegetables (carrots, broccoli), insects (mealworms).
Veterinary Care	Exotic animal vet, regular checkups, parasite control, emergency care plan.
Social Needs	Social interaction, ability to forage and explore.
Handling	Gradual introduction, positive reinforcement, avoid sudden movements.
Legalities	Check state and local laws, permits if required, compliance with wildlife regulations.
Behavior	Natural instincts (chewing, burying), potential for aggression, training challenges.
Long-Term Care	Commitment to 10+ years, consistent care, adaptation to changing needs.
Costs	Cage setup, food, vet care, enrichment items.

3.6. Understanding Squirrel Behavior

Squirrels are intelligent and active animals, but they also have certain behaviors that can be challenging to manage in a domestic setting.

Chewing: Squirrels have a natural instinct to chew on things. This can be destructive if they’re not provided with appropriate chew toys.
Burying: Squirrels also like to bury things, even in captivity. This can be messy if they start burying food in their cage or around your house.
Nipping/Biting: While not inherently aggressive, squirrels may nip or bite if they feel threatened or scared. It’s important to handle them gently and avoid sudden movements.

Understanding these behaviors and being prepared to address them is crucial for successful squirrel ownership.

4. Creating the Perfect Squirrel Habitat

Providing a suitable habitat is essential for the physical and mental well-being of your pet squirrel. The habitat should mimic their natural environment as closely as possible and provide opportunities for them to engage in their natural behaviors.

4.1. Cage Design and Setup

Size Matters: As mentioned earlier, the cage should be as large as possible. Squirrels need plenty of space to run, jump, and climb.
Vertical Space: Squirrels are arboreal animals, meaning they spend most of their time in trees. Provide plenty of vertical space in the cage by adding branches, shelves, and climbing structures.
Wire Mesh: The cage should be made of sturdy wire mesh with small openings to prevent the squirrel from escaping. Avoid using cages with wooden frames, as squirrels will likely chew through them.
Secure Latches: Squirrels are intelligent and resourceful animals. Make sure the cage has secure latches that they can’t open.

4.2. Furnishings and Enrichment

Nesting Boxes: Squirrels need a safe and comfortable place to sleep. Provide them with several nesting boxes filled with soft bedding material, such as shredded paper or cloth.
Branches: Add natural branches to the cage for climbing and chewing. Make sure the branches are non-toxic and free from pesticides.
Chew Toys: Provide a variety of chew toys to satisfy the squirrel’s natural chewing instincts. Good options include wooden blocks, hard plastic toys, and rawhide chews.
Climbing Structures: Add climbing structures, such as ropes, ladders, and swings, to encourage exercise and exploration.
Digging Box: If possible, provide a digging box filled with soil or sand for the squirrel to bury things.

4.3. Temperature and Lighting

Temperature: Squirrels are sensitive to temperature changes. Keep their cage in a stable environment away from direct sunlight and drafts. The ideal temperature range for squirrels is between 65°F and 80°F (18°C and 27°C).
Lighting: Squirrels need natural light to regulate their circadian rhythms. If the cage is located indoors, provide them with a full-spectrum light source that mimics natural sunlight.

4.4. Cleaning and Maintenance

Daily Cleaning: Remove uneaten food and droppings from the cage daily to prevent the buildup of bacteria and odors.
Weekly Cleaning: Clean the entire cage thoroughly once a week using a mild soap and water solution. Rinse the cage well and allow it to dry completely before returning the squirrel.
Bedding Changes: Change the bedding in the nesting boxes regularly to keep them clean and fresh.

5. Feeding Your Pet Squirrel: A Nutritional Guide

Providing a balanced and nutritious diet is crucial for the health and well-being of your pet squirrel. Squirrels have specific dietary needs that must be met to prevent malnutrition and disease.

5.1. Natural Diet vs. Captive Diet

In the wild, squirrels eat a variety of foods, including nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, insects, and fungi. However, it’s not always possible to replicate this diet exactly in captivity.

Nuts and Seeds: These should make up the bulk of the squirrel’s diet. Good options include almonds, walnuts, pecans, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds.
Fruits and Vegetables: Offer a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, such as apples, bananas, grapes, berries, carrots, broccoli, and leafy greens.
Protein Sources: Supplement the squirrel’s diet with protein sources, such as mealworms, crickets, hard-boiled eggs, or small pieces of cooked chicken.
Commercial Squirrel Food: Consider supplementing the diet with a high-quality commercial squirrel food. These foods are formulated to provide the nutrients that squirrels need.

5.2. Foods to Avoid

There are certain foods that are toxic or harmful to squirrels and should be avoided at all costs.

Chocolate: Chocolate is toxic to squirrels and can cause serious health problems.
Onions and Garlic: These vegetables can cause digestive upset and anemia in squirrels.
Avocado: Avocado contains a toxin called persin that can be harmful to squirrels.
Processed Foods: Avoid feeding squirrels processed foods, sugary treats, or salty snacks.

5.3. Feeding Schedule and Portion Sizes

Frequency: Feed your squirrel two to three times a day.
Portion Sizes: The amount of food you feed your squirrel will depend on its age, size, and activity level. A general guideline is to offer about 1/4 cup of nuts and seeds, 1/4 cup of fruits and vegetables, and a small amount of protein per day.
Water: Always provide fresh, clean water for your squirrel.

5.4. Supplementation

Depending on the squirrel’s diet, you may need to supplement it with vitamins and minerals.

Calcium: Squirrels need calcium for strong bones and teeth. Supplement their diet with a calcium supplement, especially if they are not eating a lot of dairy products.
Vitamin D: Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption. If the squirrel is not exposed to natural sunlight, supplement their diet with a vitamin D supplement.

6. Taming and Training Your Squirrel

Taming and training a squirrel can be a challenging but rewarding experience. Squirrels are intelligent animals, but they also have a strong will and a natural inclination to do things their own way.

6.1. Building Trust

The first step in taming a squirrel is to build trust. This can be done by spending time near the cage, talking to the squirrel in a calm voice, and offering treats.

Positive Reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement to reward the squirrel for good behavior. This might include giving them a treat, praising them, or petting them gently.
Avoid Punishment: Never punish a squirrel for bad behavior. This will only make them afraid of you and damage your relationship.

6.2. Handling Techniques

Gradual Introduction: Start by gradually introducing your hand into the cage. Let the squirrel sniff your hand and get used to your presence.
Gentle Approach: When you pick up the squirrel, do so gently and avoid sudden movements. Support their body and legs to make them feel secure.
Short Sessions: Keep handling sessions short and positive. End the session before the squirrel gets bored or stressed.

6.3. Basic Training

While squirrels are not as trainable as dogs or cats, you can teach them some basic commands using positive reinforcement.

Come: Teach the squirrel to come to you when called by offering them a treat.
Up: Teach the squirrel to climb onto your hand or shoulder by holding a treat above them.
Stay: Teach the squirrel to stay in one place by giving them a treat and saying “stay.”

6.4. Potty Training

Potty training a squirrel can be challenging, but it’s not impossible.

Litter Box: Place a litter box in the cage and line it with a suitable litter material, such as shredded paper or wood shavings.
Observation: Observe the squirrel’s behavior to determine where they prefer to eliminate. Place the litter box in that area.
Positive Reinforcement: Reward the squirrel when they use the litter box.

7. Common Health Issues in Pet Squirrels

Like all animals, squirrels are susceptible to certain health problems. Being aware of these issues and knowing how to prevent and treat them is crucial for responsible squirrel ownership.

7.1. Parasites

Squirrels can be infested with both internal and external parasites.

Fleas and Ticks: These external parasites can cause itching, skin irritation, and transmit diseases. Treat infestations with a flea and tick control product recommended by your veterinarian.
Mites: Mites can cause mange, a skin condition characterized by hair loss and intense itching. Treat mange with a miticide recommended by your veterinarian.
Roundworms and Tapeworms: These internal parasites can cause digestive problems and weight loss. Treat infestations with a dewormer recommended by your veterinarian.

7.2. Dental Problems

Squirrels’ teeth grow continuously throughout their lives. If they don’t have enough to chew on, their teeth can become overgrown and cause problems.

Malocclusion: This is a condition in which the upper and lower teeth don’t align properly. It can make it difficult for the squirrel to eat.
Abscesses: Overgrown teeth can also lead to abscesses, which are painful infections.
Prevention: Provide the squirrel with plenty of chew toys to help keep their teeth trimmed.

7.3. Metabolic Bone Disease

Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a condition caused by a calcium deficiency. It can lead to weak bones, fractures, and other health problems.

Causes: MBD is often caused by a poor diet that is low in calcium and vitamin D.
Prevention: Feed the squirrel a balanced diet that is high in calcium and vitamin D. Supplement their diet with a calcium and vitamin D supplement if necessary.

7.4. Injuries

Squirrels are active animals and are prone to injuries, such as fractures, cuts, and bruises.

Prevention: Provide a safe and secure environment for the squirrel to prevent injuries.
Treatment: Seek veterinary care for any injuries.

7.5. Viral and Bacterial Infections

Squirrels can also be susceptible to viral and bacterial infections, such as:

Squirrel Poxvirus: Causes skin lesions and respiratory problems.
Salmonellosis: A bacterial infection that can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and fever.
Prevention: Practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of infections.

Health Issue	Symptoms	Prevention
Parasites	Itching, hair loss, digestive problems, weight loss	Regular parasite control, good hygiene
Dental Problems	Difficulty eating, overgrown teeth, abscesses	Provide plenty of chew toys, regular dental checkups
Metabolic Bone Disease	Weak bones, fractures, lethargy	Balanced diet high in calcium and vitamin D, supplementation if needed
Injuries	Fractures, cuts, bruises	Safe and secure environment
Viral/Bacterial Infections	Skin lesions, respiratory problems, diarrhea, vomiting, fever	Good hygiene, quarantine new animals, vaccinations (if available)

8. Squirrel-Proofing Your Home

If you allow your squirrel to roam freely in your home, it’s important to squirrel-proof the area to prevent damage and ensure the squirrel’s safety.

8.1. Protecting Furniture

Chew-Proofing: Cover furniture with chew-proof covers or provide the squirrel with designated chew toys to keep them from chewing on your furniture.
Climbing Prevention: Place barriers around furniture to prevent the squirrel from climbing on it.

8.2. Electrical Safety

Cord Covers: Cover electrical cords with cord protectors to prevent the squirrel from chewing on them.
Outlet Covers: Install outlet covers to prevent the squirrel from sticking their fingers or objects into the outlets.

8.3. Plant Protection

Non-Toxic Plants: Make sure that all plants in your home are non-toxic to squirrels.
Barriers: Place barriers around plants to prevent the squirrel from digging in the soil or chewing on the leaves.

8.4. Securing Small Objects

Storage: Store small objects, such as buttons, beads, and paper clips, in secure containers to prevent the squirrel from swallowing them.
Supervision: Supervise the squirrel closely when they are roaming freely in your home to prevent them from getting into trouble.

9. Socializing Your Squirrel

Squirrels are social animals, but they don’t always get along with other pets or people. It’s important to socialize your squirrel properly to ensure that they are well-adjusted and happy.

9.1. Introducing to Other Pets

Gradual Introduction: Introduce the squirrel to other pets gradually. Start by allowing them to sniff each other through the cage.
Supervision: Supervise interactions between the squirrel and other pets closely.
Separate Spaces: Provide the squirrel with a separate space where they can retreat if they feel overwhelmed.

9.2. Human Interaction

Gentle Handling: Handle the squirrel gently and avoid sudden movements.
Positive Reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement to reward the squirrel for good behavior.
Respect Boundaries: Respect the squirrel’s boundaries. If they don’t want to be handled, don’t force them.

9.3. Introducing to Children

Supervision: Supervise interactions between the squirrel and children closely.
Education: Educate children on how to handle the squirrel gently and respectfully.
Set Rules: Set rules for how children can interact with the squirrel.

10. The Joys and Challenges of Squirrel Ownership

Owning a squirrel can be a rewarding experience, but it’s important to be aware of the joys and challenges involved.

10.1. The Joys

Companionship: Squirrels can be wonderful companions. They are intelligent, playful, and affectionate animals.
Entertainment: Squirrels are entertaining to watch. Their acrobatic antics and curious nature can bring a lot of joy to a household.
Unique Pet: Owning a squirrel is a unique experience. They are not as common as cats or dogs, so you’ll have a pet that is truly special.

10.2. The Challenges

Legality: It may be illegal to keep a squirrel as a pet in your area.
Housing: Squirrels require a large and secure cage.
Diet: Squirrels have specific dietary needs that must be met.
Veterinary Care: Finding a veterinarian who is experienced in treating squirrels can be a challenge.
Behavior: Squirrels can be destructive and difficult to train.
Long-Term Commitment: Squirrels can live for 10 years or more, so you need to be prepared to commit to their care for the long term.

FAQ About Squirrels As Pets

1. Is it legal to keep a squirrel as a pet?

Laws vary by state and locality. Some areas require permits, while others prohibit it entirely. Always check local regulations.

2. What do squirrels eat as pets?

A balanced diet of nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, and occasional insects is ideal. Avoid chocolate, onions, and garlic.

3. How big of a cage does a pet squirrel need?

The minimum cage size should be 4ft wide x 4ft deep x 6ft high, made of sturdy wire mesh.

4. How do you tame a pet squirrel?

Build trust through gentle handling, positive reinforcement, and avoiding punishment.

5. What are common health issues for pet squirrels?

Common issues include parasites, dental problems, metabolic bone disease, and injuries.

6. Can squirrels be potty trained?

It’s challenging but possible with a litter box and consistent positive reinforcement.

7. Are squirrels good with other pets?

Introduce them gradually and supervise interactions, providing separate spaces if needed.

8. How long do pet squirrels live?

With proper care, squirrels can live for 10 years or more.

9. What kind of veterinary care do squirrels need?

Find an exotic animal vet for regular checkups, vaccinations, and emergency care.

10. Can squirrels be trained?

Yes, they can learn basic commands using positive reinforcement techniques.

Conclusion: Is Squirrel Ownership Right for You?

Keeping a squirrel as a pet can be a rewarding experience for the right person. However, it’s not a decision to be taken lightly. Squirrels are wild animals with specific needs and behaviors that may be challenging to manage in a domestic setting. If you’re considering bringing a squirrel into your home, be sure to do your research, check the laws in your area, and carefully consider the ethical implications. With proper planning and care, you can provide a fulfilling life for these fascinating creatures.

At PETS.EDU.VN, we understand the unique challenges and rewards of caring for exotic pets. We offer a wealth of information and resources to help you make informed decisions and provide the best possible care for your animal companions.

Do you want to know more? Visit pets.edu.vn today for expert advice, detailed care guides, and a supportive community of pet lovers. Our comprehensive resources can help you navigate the complexities of pet ownership and ensure a happy, healthy life for your furry, scaly, or feathered friends. For personalized guidance, contact us at 789 Paw Lane, Petville, CA 91234, United States or reach out via Whatsapp at +1 555-987-6543.