Can Pet Turtles Make You Sick? A Comprehensive Guide

Are pet turtles safe, or can they make you sick? At PETS.EDU.VN, we understand the importance of ensuring the well-being of both you and your beloved pets. This comprehensive guide dives into the realities of turtle ownership and the potential health risks, providing practical solutions and expert advice to keep you and your family safe. We’ll cover everything from understanding Salmonella risks to safe handling practices and preventative measures. Learn how to enjoy the companionship of pet turtles responsibly with tips on reptile care, disease prevention, and maintaining a healthy environment for both you and your shelled friend.

1. Understanding the Risks: Can Pet Turtles Carry Diseases?

It’s essential to approach pet ownership with informed awareness, especially regarding the potential health implications. Understanding the risks associated with pet turtles is the first step in ensuring a safe and healthy environment for both you and your shelled companion.

**1.1. The Truth About Salmonella and Pet Turtles**

Pet turtles, regardless of their size or apparent health, can carry Salmonella bacteria. Salmonella is a type of bacteria that commonly lives in the intestines of animals and can be shed in their feces. While turtles themselves may not show any signs of illness, they can still transmit the bacteria to humans.

Prevalence: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), all reptiles, including turtles, are potential carriers of Salmonella.
Transmission: The bacteria can be present on the turtle’s skin, shell, and in their environment, such as the tank water.
Risk Groups: Children under 5, adults over 65, and individuals with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to Salmonella infections.

1.2. Why Are Small Turtles a Greater Concern?

A federal law in the United States bans the sale and distribution of turtles with shells less than 4 inches long due to their association with numerous Salmonella outbreaks, especially among young children.

Historical Context: In the 1960s and 1970s, small turtles were popular pets, leading to widespread Salmonella infections.
Regulation: The FDA implemented the 4-inch rule in 1975 to mitigate the risk of Salmonella transmission from these small turtles.
Enforcement: Despite the ban, these small turtles are sometimes still sold illegally online, at stores, flea markets, and roadside stands.

**1.3. Beyond Salmonella: Other Potential Health Risks**

While Salmonella is the primary concern, pet turtles can also carry other bacteria and parasites that pose health risks to humans.

Other Bacteria: Bacteria like E. coli and Campylobacter can also be found in turtle environments.
Parasites: Although less common, parasites like Cryptosporidium can be transmitted from turtles to humans.
Hygiene is Key: Maintaining good hygiene practices is crucial to minimize the risk of these infections.

1.4. How Turtles Spread Germs: Understanding the Process

Understanding how turtles spread germs is vital for preventing illness. The process typically involves direct or indirect contact with the turtle or its environment.

Direct Contact: Touching a turtle, its shell, or its droppings can transfer germs to your hands.
Indirect Contact: Touching tank water, decorations, or any surface the turtle has come into contact with can also spread germs.
Hand-to-Mouth Transmission: If you touch your mouth or food with unwashed hands after contact with a turtle or its environment, you can ingest Salmonella or other harmful germs.

1.5. Debunking Myths About Turtle Cleanliness

It’s a common misconception that turtles are clean pets because they live in water. However, turtles and their aquatic habitats can harbor numerous germs.

Misconception: Many people believe that because turtles live in water, they are naturally clean.
Reality: Turtles shed bacteria in their droppings, which can contaminate their environment.
Regular Cleaning: Regular cleaning and disinfection of the turtle’s tank are essential to prevent the buildup of harmful germs.

Red Eared Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans)

**2. Recognizing Salmonella Symptoms and Seeking Treatment**

Knowing the signs of Salmonella infection and how to respond is essential for protecting your health and the health of your family.

**2.1. Common Symptoms of Salmonella Infection**

Salmonella infection, also known as salmonellosis, can cause a range of symptoms, typically appearing within a few days of exposure to the bacteria.

Diarrhea: Frequent, watery stools are a common symptom.
Fever: Elevated body temperature, often accompanied by chills.
Stomach Cramps: Abdominal pain and cramping.
Nausea and Vomiting: Feeling sick to your stomach and throwing up.
Headache: Pain or discomfort in the head.

2.2. When to See a Doctor: Identifying Severe Symptoms

While most cases of Salmonella infection resolve on their own, some individuals may experience more severe symptoms that require medical attention.

High Fever: A fever above 102°F (39°C).
Bloody Stools: Presence of blood in the diarrhea.
Dehydration: Signs include decreased urination, dizziness, and dry mouth.
Prolonged Symptoms: Symptoms lasting longer than a week.
Severe Abdominal Pain: Intense pain in the abdomen.

**2.3. Treatment Options for Salmonella Infection**

Treatment for Salmonella infection typically focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
Rest: Getting adequate rest to allow the body to recover.
Over-the-Counter Medications: Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and discomfort.
Antibiotics: In severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed by a doctor.

2.4. Protecting Vulnerable Individuals: Children, Seniors, and Immunocompromised People

Certain groups are more susceptible to severe Salmonella infections and require extra precautions.

Children Under 5: Their immune systems are not fully developed.
Adults Over 65: Their immune systems may be weakened by age.
Immunocompromised Individuals: People with conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or those taking immunosuppressant medications are at higher risk.

2.5. Preventing the Spread: Isolation and Hygiene Practices

If you or a family member has been diagnosed with Salmonella infection, it’s essential to take steps to prevent the spread of the bacteria to others.

Handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the bathroom and before preparing food.
Avoid Sharing: Do not share towels, utensils, or personal items with others.
Disinfection: Clean and disinfect surfaces that may be contaminated with Salmonella.

3. Safe Handling Practices: Protecting Yourself and Your Family

Safe handling practices are essential for minimizing the risk of Salmonella transmission and maintaining a healthy environment for everyone.

3.1. The Importance of Handwashing: A Step-by-Step Guide

Handwashing is the most effective way to prevent the spread of Salmonella and other germs. Follow these steps to ensure proper hand hygiene.

Wet Your Hands: Use clean, running water.
Apply Soap: Lather your hands with soap, covering all surfaces.
Scrub Thoroughly: Scrub for at least 20 seconds.
Rinse Well: Rinse your hands under clean, running water.
Dry Your Hands: Use a clean towel or air dry.

3.2. Creating a Dedicated Cleaning Area for Turtle Habitats

Designate a specific area for cleaning your turtle’s tank and accessories to prevent cross-contamination.

Separate Area: Use a laundry sink, wash tub, or bathtub that is not used for food preparation or personal hygiene.
Dedicated Supplies: Keep separate sponges, brushes, and cleaning solutions for turtle-related tasks.
Disinfection: After cleaning, disinfect the area thoroughly with a bleach solution or other EPA-approved disinfectant.

3.3. Safe Ways to Interact with Your Turtle: Dos and Don’ts

Interacting with your turtle can be a rewarding experience, but it’s important to do so safely.

Do:
- Wash your hands thoroughly after handling your turtle or anything in its environment.
- Supervise young children when they are interacting with turtles.
Don’t:
- Kiss or snuggle your turtle.
- Eat or drink around your turtle.
- Allow turtles to roam freely in food preparation areas.

3.4. Protecting Children: Supervising Interactions and Educating About Hygiene

Children are particularly vulnerable to Salmonella infections, so it’s crucial to supervise their interactions with turtles and teach them about proper hygiene.

Supervision: Always supervise young children when they are near turtles.
Education: Teach children about the importance of handwashing and avoiding contact with their mouths after touching turtles.
Age-Appropriate Pets: Consider whether a turtle is the right pet for young children, given the potential health risks.

3.5. Safe Tank Cleaning: A Detailed Guide

Regular tank cleaning is essential for maintaining a healthy environment for your turtle and preventing the buildup of harmful germs.

Prepare the Area: Set up your dedicated cleaning area with all necessary supplies.
Remove the Turtle: Carefully remove your turtle from the tank and place it in a temporary, secure container.
Empty the Tank: Dispose of the old tank water in a drain or toilet.
Clean the Tank: Scrub the inside of the tank with a brush and a mixture of water and a mild detergent.
Rinse Thoroughly: Rinse the tank thoroughly with clean water to remove all traces of detergent.
Disinfect the Tank: Disinfect the tank with a bleach solution (1 part bleach to 10 parts water).
Rinse Again: Rinse the tank again with clean water to remove all traces of bleach.
Clean Decorations: Clean and disinfect all decorations, rocks, and accessories in the same manner.
Refill the Tank: Refill the tank with fresh, dechlorinated water.
Return the Turtle: Carefully return your turtle to its clean habitat.

4. Choosing the Right Turtle: Size Matters

Selecting the right turtle is crucial for minimizing health risks and ensuring a suitable pet for your family.

4.1. Understanding the 4-Inch Rule: Why It’s Important

The 4-inch rule, implemented by the FDA, prohibits the sale and distribution of turtles with shells less than 4 inches long.

FDA Regulation: This regulation was introduced in 1975 to reduce the incidence of Salmonella infections associated with small turtles.
Rationale: Smaller turtles are more likely to be handled by young children, who are at higher risk of Salmonella infection.
Enforcement: While the rule has significantly reduced Salmonella outbreaks, illegal sales of small turtles still occur.

4.2. Reputable Pet Stores: Finding a Safe Source

Purchasing turtles from reputable pet stores can help ensure you are getting a healthy animal and that the seller is following legal regulations.

Knowledgeable Staff: Reputable pet stores typically have knowledgeable staff who can provide guidance on turtle care and hygiene.
Health Guarantee: Some stores offer health guarantees, ensuring that the turtle is free from disease at the time of purchase.
Ethical Sourcing: Reputable stores source their turtles from ethical breeders who prioritize animal health and welfare.

4.3. Avoiding Illegal Sales: Recognizing the Red Flags

Be cautious of sellers offering small turtles illegally, as these animals may pose a higher health risk.

Online Marketplaces: Watch out for online sellers offering turtles with shells less than 4 inches long.
Flea Markets and Roadside Stands: Avoid purchasing turtles from unregulated vendors at flea markets or roadside stands.
Unlicensed Breeders: Be wary of breeders who are not licensed or do not provide proper documentation for their animals.

4.4. Choosing a Healthy Turtle: Signs to Look For

When selecting a turtle, look for signs of good health and vitality.

Clear Eyes: The turtle’s eyes should be clear and bright, not cloudy or swollen.
Clean Shell: The shell should be smooth and free from lesions, cracks, or soft spots.
Active Behavior: The turtle should be alert and active, not lethargic or unresponsive.
Healthy Appetite: The turtle should show interest in food and eat regularly.

4.5. Alternative Pets: Considering Other Options for Young Children

If you have young children, consider whether a turtle is the right pet for your family. Other pets may be more suitable for young children, given the potential health risks associated with turtles.

Fish: Fish can be a great option, requiring less direct contact.
Hamsters: Supervised interaction and care are still required.
Cats and Dogs: Consider adopting a family friendly breed.

5. Creating a Safe Habitat: Tank Setup and Maintenance

A well-maintained turtle habitat is essential for the health of your pet and for minimizing the risk of Salmonella transmission.

5.1. Tank Size and Setup: Providing Adequate Space

The size of your turtle’s tank should be appropriate for its size and species. Overcrowded conditions can lead to stress and increased risk of disease.

General Rule: A good rule of thumb is to provide at least 10 gallons of water per inch of turtle shell length.
Basking Area: Provide a dry basking area where your turtle can climb out of the water to regulate its body temperature.
Hiding Places: Include rocks, caves, or other structures where your turtle can hide and feel secure.

5.2. Water Quality: Filtration and Regular Changes

Maintaining good water quality is essential for preventing the buildup of harmful bacteria and keeping your turtle healthy.

Filtration System: Use a high-quality filtration system to remove waste and debris from the water.
Regular Water Changes: Perform partial water changes (25-50%) at least once a week to remove accumulated toxins.
Water Testing: Regularly test the water for pH, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels to ensure they are within the optimal range.

5.3. Temperature Control: Creating a Comfortable Environment

Turtles are ectothermic, meaning they rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature.

Basking Temperature: Maintain a basking area temperature of around 90-95°F (32-35°C).
Water Temperature: Keep the water temperature in the range of 75-80°F (24-27°C).
Heating Lamps: Use a heat lamp to provide warmth for the basking area.
Submersible Heaters: Use a submersible heater to maintain the water temperature.

5.4. Substrate Selection: Choosing Safe Materials

The substrate you use in your turtle’s tank can impact water quality and hygiene.

Bare Bottom: Many turtle keepers prefer to use a bare-bottom tank for easy cleaning.
Large Gravel: If you choose to use a substrate, opt for large gravel that is too big for the turtle to ingest.
Avoid Small Gravel: Avoid using small gravel, sand, or other materials that can be accidentally swallowed and cause impaction.

5.5. Disinfection Protocols: Keeping the Habitat Clean

Regular disinfection of the tank and accessories is essential for preventing the buildup of harmful germs.

Bleach Solution: Use a bleach solution (1 part bleach to 10 parts water) to disinfect the tank and accessories.
Rinse Thoroughly: Rinse all items thoroughly with clean water to remove any traces of bleach before returning them to the tank.
Frequency: Disinfect the tank and accessories at least once a month, or more often if needed.

6. Responsible Turtle Ownership: Rehoming and Preventing Release

Responsible turtle ownership includes making informed decisions about rehoming and preventing the release of turtles into the wild.

6.1. Why Releasing Turtles into the Wild is Harmful

Releasing pet turtles into the wild can have detrimental effects on native ecosystems.

Invasive Species: Non-native turtles can compete with native species for food and resources.
Disease Transmission: Released turtles can introduce diseases to native turtle populations.
Ecological Disruption: The introduction of non-native species can disrupt the balance of local ecosystems.

6.2. Safe Rehoming Options: Finding a New Home

If you can no longer care for your turtle, there are several safe rehoming options to consider.

Local Reptile Rescue: Contact a local reptile rescue organization to see if they can take in your turtle.
Animal Shelter: Check with your local animal shelter to see if they have a reptile adoption program.
Pet Store: Some pet stores may be willing to take in unwanted turtles.
Responsible Owners: Find a responsible and knowledgeable owner who can provide proper care for your turtle.

6.3. Contacting Local Rescue Organizations: A List of Resources

Local reptile rescue organizations can provide assistance with rehoming turtles and other reptiles.

American Tortoise Rescue: A non-profit organization dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation, and adoption of turtles and tortoises.
Local Herpetological Societies: Many local herpetological societies offer rescue and adoption services for reptiles.
Online Reptile Forums: Online reptile forums can be a good resource for finding local rescue organizations and responsible owners.

6.4. Educating Others: Spreading Awareness About Responsible Pet Ownership

Help spread awareness about responsible turtle ownership by educating others about the potential health risks and the importance of proper care and rehoming.

Share Information: Share information about Salmonella and turtle care with friends, family, and colleagues.
Promote Responsible Practices: Encourage responsible pet ownership practices, such as handwashing and proper tank maintenance.
Support Rescue Organizations: Support local reptile rescue organizations through donations or volunteer work.

6.5. Legal Considerations: Understanding Local Laws

Be aware of local laws and regulations regarding turtle ownership and rehoming.

Permits and Licenses: Some states and cities require permits or licenses to own certain species of turtles.
Release Restrictions: Many jurisdictions have laws prohibiting the release of non-native animals into the wild.
Check Local Regulations: Check with your local animal control agency or department of natural resources to learn about specific regulations in your area.

7. Nutritional Guidelines: Keeping Your Turtle Healthy

Providing a balanced and nutritious diet is essential for maintaining your turtle’s health and immune system.

7.1. Balanced Diet: What to Feed Your Turtle

A balanced diet for turtles typically consists of a combination of commercial turtle food, fresh vegetables, and occasional protein sources.

Commercial Turtle Food: High-quality commercial turtle food should form the basis of your turtle’s diet.
Fresh Vegetables: Offer a variety of fresh vegetables, such as leafy greens, carrots, and squash.
Protein Sources: Supplement the diet with occasional protein sources, such as insects, worms, or small fish.

7.2. Avoiding Harmful Foods: What Not to Feed Your Turtle

Certain foods can be harmful to turtles and should be avoided.

Processed Foods: Avoid feeding your turtle processed foods, such as bread, pasta, or sugary snacks.
Fatty Foods: Limit the amount of fatty foods, such as meat and dairy products.
Toxic Plants: Be aware of plants that are toxic to turtles and avoid offering them as food.

7.3. Supplementation: Vitamins and Minerals

Supplementing your turtle’s diet with vitamins and minerals can help ensure they are getting all the nutrients they need.

Calcium: Calcium is essential for healthy shell growth and bone development.
Vitamin D3: Vitamin D3 helps turtles absorb calcium from their diet.
Multivitamin Supplement: A multivitamin supplement can help fill any nutritional gaps in your turtle’s diet.

7.4. Feeding Schedule: How Often to Feed Your Turtle

The frequency of feeding depends on the age and species of your turtle.

Young Turtles: Young turtles typically need to be fed daily.
Adult Turtles: Adult turtles can be fed every other day or a few times a week.
Monitor Weight: Monitor your turtle’s weight and adjust the feeding schedule as needed to maintain a healthy body condition.

7.5. Water Quality and Food: Maintaining a Clean Environment

uneaten food can quickly pollute the water and create a breeding ground for bacteria.

Remove Uneaten Food: Remove any uneaten food from the tank after each feeding.
Feed in a Separate Container: Consider feeding your turtle in a separate container to minimize mess in the main tank.
Regular Water Changes: Perform regular water changes to remove accumulated toxins and maintain good water quality.

8. Recognizing Illnesses: Identifying Health Problems in Turtles

Early detection of health problems in turtles can improve the chances of successful treatment.

8.1. Common Turtle Ailments: Shell Rot, Respiratory Infections, and More

Turtles are susceptible to a variety of health problems, including shell rot, respiratory infections, and parasites.

Shell Rot: A bacterial or fungal infection that causes the shell to become soft, discolored, or pitted.
Respiratory Infections: Infections of the lungs or upper respiratory tract, often caused by bacteria or viruses.
Parasites: Internal or external parasites can cause a variety of symptoms, such as weight loss, lethargy, and skin irritation.

8.2. Changes in Behavior: Recognizing Subtle Signs of Illness

Subtle changes in behavior can be early indicators of illness in turtles.

Loss of Appetite: A decreased interest in food.
Lethargy: A lack of energy or activity.
Basking More Often: Spending more time basking than usual.
Difficulty Breathing: Wheezing, gasping, or other signs of respiratory distress.

8.3. Physical Symptoms: What to Look For

Physical symptoms can also indicate health problems in turtles.

Swollen Eyes: Swelling or discharge around the eyes.
Skin Lesions: Sores, bumps, or other abnormalities on the skin.
Abnormal Shell Growth: Deformed or uneven shell growth.
Weight Loss: A noticeable decrease in body weight.

8.4. When to Consult a Vet: Finding a Reptile Specialist

If you notice any signs of illness in your turtle, it’s important to consult a veterinarian who specializes in reptiles.

Reptile Vets: Veterinarians with experience in treating reptiles are best equipped to diagnose and treat turtle health problems.
Exotic Animal Clinics: Exotic animal clinics typically have veterinarians who specialize in reptiles and other exotic pets.
Emergency Care: Seek immediate veterinary care if your turtle is experiencing severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or seizures.

8.5. Preventative Care: Regular Checkups and Monitoring

Regular veterinary checkups and monitoring can help prevent health problems and ensure your turtle stays healthy.

Annual Checkups: Schedule annual checkups with a reptile veterinarian.
Fecal Exams: Have your veterinarian perform regular fecal exams to check for parasites.
Weight Monitoring: Monitor your turtle’s weight and body condition regularly.

9. Advanced Topics: Diving Deeper into Turtle Health and Care

For those seeking more in-depth knowledge, here are some advanced topics related to turtle health and care.

9.1. Understanding Turtle Immunology: How Their Immune Systems Work

Understanding how turtle immune systems work can provide insights into preventing and treating diseases.

Innate Immunity: Turtles have a strong innate immune system that helps protect them from infection.
Adaptive Immunity: Turtles also have an adaptive immune system that can develop immunity to specific pathogens.
Environmental Factors: Environmental factors, such as temperature and water quality, can impact the effectiveness of the turtle’s immune system.

9.2. Advanced Diagnostic Techniques: Blood Tests, X-Rays, and More

Advanced diagnostic techniques can help veterinarians diagnose complex health problems in turtles.

Blood Tests: Blood tests can provide information about the turtle’s organ function, immune system, and overall health.
X-Rays: X-rays can help visualize internal structures and identify problems such as bone fractures or foreign bodies.
Ultrasound: Ultrasound can be used to examine soft tissues and organs.
Endoscopy: Endoscopy involves inserting a small camera into the turtle’s body to visualize internal organs.

9.3. Specialized Treatments: Surgery, Antibiotics, and Supportive Care

Specialized treatments may be necessary to address certain health problems in turtles.

Surgery: Surgery may be required to remove tumors, repair shell damage, or address other health issues.
Antibiotics: Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections.
Antifungal Medications: Antifungal medications are used to treat fungal infections.
Supportive Care: Supportive care, such as fluid therapy and nutritional support, can help turtles recover from illness.

9.4. Zoonotic Diseases: Other Diseases Transmissible from Turtles to Humans

While Salmonella is the primary concern, turtles can transmit other zoonotic diseases to humans.

Leptospirosis: A bacterial infection that can cause flu-like symptoms and kidney damage in humans.
Campylobacteriosis: A bacterial infection that can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever in humans.
Mycobacteriosis: A bacterial infection that can cause skin lesions and respiratory problems in humans.

9.5. Ethical Considerations: Welfare and Conservation

Ethical considerations play a role in responsible turtle ownership and conservation efforts.

Welfare: Provide a high-quality environment that meets the turtle’s physical and behavioral needs.
Conservation: Support conservation efforts to protect wild turtle populations and their habitats.
Responsible Breeding: Avoid breeding turtles unless you are committed to providing proper care for all offspring.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Turtle Health

Here are some frequently asked questions about turtle health and Salmonella transmission.

**10.1. Can all turtles transmit Salmonella?**

Yes, all turtles can potentially carry and transmit Salmonella bacteria, regardless of their size or apparent health.

**10.2. Are some turtle species more likely to carry Salmonella?**

No, there is no evidence to suggest that certain turtle species are more likely to carry Salmonella than others.

**10.3. Can I get Salmonella from touching a turtle’s shell?**

Yes, you can get Salmonella from touching a turtle’s shell, skin, or anything in its environment.

**10.4. How long can Salmonella bacteria survive on surfaces?**

Salmonella bacteria can survive on surfaces for several hours to several days, depending on environmental conditions.

10.5. Is it safe for pregnant women to handle turtles?

Pregnant women should avoid handling turtles due to the risk of Salmonella infection, which can be harmful to the developing fetus.

**10.6. Can I wash Salmonella off a turtle’s shell?**

Washing a turtle’s shell may reduce the number of Salmonella bacteria present, but it will not eliminate the risk of transmission.

**10.7. Are there any vaccines for Salmonella?**

There are no vaccines available for preventing Salmonella infection in humans.

**10.8. Can turtles be treated for Salmonella?**

Treating turtles for Salmonella is generally not recommended, as it can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in their gut and lead to antibiotic resistance.

**10.9. What are the long-term effects of Salmonella infection?**

Most people recover fully from Salmonella infection, but some may experience long-term complications, such as reactive arthritis.

10.10. How can I ensure my family’s safety when owning a turtle?

Ensure your family’s safety by following strict hygiene practices, supervising children’s interactions with turtles, and maintaining a clean and healthy habitat for your pet.

Keeping a pet turtle can be a fulfilling experience if approached with the right knowledge and precautions. By understanding the risks, practicing safe handling, and maintaining a healthy environment, you can enjoy the companionship of your shelled friend while protecting your health and the well-being of your family. Remember, resources and expert advice are always available at PETS.EDU.VN, where we are dedicated to helping you provide the best possible care for your pets.

Are you looking for more ways to ensure your pet turtle’s health and safety? Visit pets.edu.vn for a wealth of information, expert advice, and reliable services. Whether you need help with habitat setup, nutritional guidelines, or veterinary care, we’re here to support you every step of the way. Contact us today at 789 Paw Lane, Petville, CA 91234, United States, or reach out via Whatsapp at +1 555-987-6543. Your pet’s well-being is our top priority!