Can People Have Pet Owls: Laws & Care

Can People Have Pet Owls? Absolutely. Owning an owl involves understanding local regulations, providing proper care, and ensuring the bird’s welfare, all of which can be complex. At PETS.EDU.VN, we offer expert guidance to navigate these challenges, helping you determine if owl ownership is right for you, providing educational resources and connecting you with avian specialists. Learn about raptor care, wildlife rehabilitation, and responsible pet ownership today.

1. Understanding the Legalities of Owning an Owl

Navigating the legal landscape surrounding owl ownership is critical. The legality of owning an owl varies significantly across different regions and countries. Before even considering bringing an owl into your home, it’s essential to thoroughly research and understand the specific laws in your area.

1.1. United States Regulations

In the United States, owning an owl as a pet is heavily restricted by federal and state laws. The primary legislation governing the possession of owls and other raptors is the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), which protects migratory birds, their feathers, eggs, and nests. Here’s a breakdown of what you need to know:

Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA): This act makes it illegal to possess migratory birds, including owls, without a permit. The MBTA aims to protect bird populations and their habitats, making the unauthorized possession of owls a federal offense.
Permits Required: To legally keep an owl in the U.S., you typically need a special permit from both the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and your state’s wildlife agency. These permits are usually granted for specific purposes such as:
- Rehabilitation: Allows individuals or organizations to care for injured or orphaned owls with the goal of releasing them back into the wild.
- Education: Enables individuals or institutions to use owls for educational programs, promoting awareness and conservation.
- Falconry: A highly regulated sport that requires extensive training, apprenticeship, and strict adherence to state and federal regulations.
Restrictions and Conditions: Even with a permit, there are strict conditions to adhere to. For example, owls used for educational purposes must be displayed to the public regularly. Rehabilitated owls, once healthy, must be released back into their natural habitat. Falconry owls must be flown and hunted regularly to maintain their physical and mental well-being.

Table 1: U.S. Permit Types for Owls

Permit Type	Purpose	Requirements
Rehabilitation	Caring for injured or orphaned owls to release them back into the wild	Requires specialized knowledge of owl care, proper facilities, and adherence to strict guidelines to ensure the owl’s health and successful release.
Education	Using owls for educational programs to promote awareness and conservation	Requires regular public displays, educational content approved by the issuing agency, and facilities that meet specific standards for the owl’s well-being.
Falconry	Hunting with trained owls	Requires extensive training, apprenticeship under a licensed falconer, passing a written exam, and maintaining suitable housing and equipment for the owl. Falconry is subject to rigorous inspections and reporting requirements.
Scientific Research	Studying owl behavior, ecology, or health	Requires a detailed research proposal, adherence to ethical guidelines for animal research, and permits from relevant agencies. Research activities must not harm owl populations or their habitats.
Propagation	Breeding owls in captivity	Propagation permits are extremely rare and typically only granted to institutions with extensive experience in avian care and conservation. Breeding programs must contribute to the conservation of owl species and may be subject to strict genetic management plans.

1.2. International Laws

The legalities of owning an owl differ significantly from country to country. Some nations have more lenient regulations, while others have stricter laws than the U.S.

United Kingdom: While keeping wild owls is technically allowed in the UK, it’s subject to the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981. This act protects wild birds and their nests, making it illegal to intentionally harm or disturb them. The surge in owl ownership inspired by the Harry Potter series led to many owls being abandoned, highlighting the challenges of keeping these birds as pets.
European Union: The EU Birds Directive protects all wild birds in the European Union. Member states have varying regulations, but generally, owning an owl requires permits and adherence to strict welfare standards.
Other Countries: Laws in other countries can range from outright bans on owning native owl species to regulations requiring permits and specific housing conditions. Always check local and national laws before considering owl ownership.

Table 2: International Regulations on Owl Ownership

Country	Regulations
United Kingdom	Keeping wild owls is technically allowed but subject to the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981, which protects wild birds and their nests.
European Union	The EU Birds Directive protects all wild birds. Owning an owl generally requires permits and adherence to strict welfare standards.
Canada	Regulations vary by province. Generally, owning an owl requires permits and is restricted to falconers, educators, and rehabilitators.
Australia	Owning native owls is generally prohibited. Permits may be issued for specific purposes such as rehabilitation or education, subject to strict conditions.
Japan	Owl ownership is permitted but regulated. Owners must register their owls and comply with welfare standards.
South Africa	Owning owls is regulated by provincial conservation laws. Permits are required, and ownership is typically restricted to those involved in conservation or education.

1.3. Why Are Regulations So Strict?

The strict regulations surrounding owl ownership are in place for several important reasons:

Conservation: Owls play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. Protecting wild owl populations is crucial for biodiversity.
Welfare: Owls have very specific needs that are difficult to meet in a domestic setting. Uninformed or unprepared owners can inadvertently harm the owl.
Public Safety: Owls are powerful birds with sharp talons and beaks. They can pose a risk to public safety if not properly handled and contained.
Ethical Concerns: Many believe that wild animals should not be kept as pets, as it can be detrimental to their natural behaviors and overall well-being.

Understanding these reasons can help potential owners appreciate the importance of adhering to the legal requirements and considering the ethical implications of owl ownership.

Owning an owl legally requires understanding local and international regulations.

Alt text: Barn owl perched on a wooden post during a ringing (banding) procedure, showcasing the importance of wildlife conservation efforts.

2. Understanding Owl Species and Their Unique Needs

Owls are diverse and fascinating creatures, with over 200 different species found around the world. Each species has unique characteristics, behaviors, and specific needs, making it essential to understand these differences before considering owl ownership.

2.1. Common Owl Species

While most people cannot legally keep owls as pets, understanding the different species is important for appreciating their role in the ecosystem and the specific needs that make them unsuitable for most homes. Here are some common owl species:

Barn Owl (Tyto alba): Known for its distinctive heart-shaped face, the barn owl is found on every continent except Antarctica. They are adaptable and can live in various habitats, including barns, open fields, and woodlands.
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus): One of the most widespread owls in North America, the great horned owl is a powerful predator with prominent ear tufts. They inhabit forests, deserts, and even urban areas.
Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus): Native to the Arctic regions, the snowy owl is known for its striking white plumage. They primarily hunt small mammals and are adapted to survive in harsh, cold environments.
Eastern Screech Owl (Megascops asio): Found in eastern North America, the eastern screech owl is a small, nocturnal owl that lives in wooded areas and urban parks. They have two color morphs: red and gray.
Barred Owl (Strix varia): Inhabiting the eastern United States and parts of Canada, the barred owl is known for its distinctive “who-cooks-for-you” call. They live in dense forests and swamps.

Table 3: Characteristics of Common Owl Species

Species	Size	Habitat	Diet	Distinctive Features
Barn Owl	Medium	Various	Small mammals	Heart-shaped face
Great Horned Owl	Large	Forests, Deserts	Mammals, Birds, Reptiles	Prominent ear tufts
Snowy Owl	Large	Arctic Regions	Small mammals	White plumage
Eastern Screech Owl	Small	Woodlands, Parks	Insects, Small mammals	Two color morphs (red and gray)
Barred Owl	Medium	Dense Forests	Small mammals, Birds, Fish	Distinctive “who-cooks-for-you” call

2.2. Housing and Environment Needs

Owls require specific housing and environmental conditions to thrive. These needs are often challenging to replicate in a typical home environment.

Space: Owls need ample space to fly and exercise. A large aviary or outdoor enclosure is necessary to provide enough room for them to move around. The size of the enclosure depends on the size of the owl species, but it should be large enough to allow for short flights.
Enrichment: Owls are intelligent and curious birds that need mental stimulation to prevent boredom and stress. Providing enrichment activities such as puzzle feeders, perches of varying heights and textures, and novel objects to investigate can help keep them engaged.
Temperature and Humidity: Different owl species have different temperature and humidity requirements. For example, snowy owls are adapted to cold climates, while barn owls can tolerate warmer temperatures. Maintaining the correct temperature and humidity levels is essential for their health and well-being.
Cleanliness: Owls are susceptible to various diseases if their environment is not kept clean. Regular cleaning of the enclosure, including removing droppings and uneaten food, is necessary to prevent the build-up of bacteria and fungi.

2.3. Diet and Nutrition

Owls have a specialized diet that primarily consists of whole prey. Providing the correct diet is essential for their health and survival.

Whole Prey: Owls need to eat whole prey, including bones, fur, and feathers, to obtain the necessary nutrients and minerals. Common prey items include mice, rats, chicks, and other small animals.
Nutritional Balance: It is important to ensure that the prey items are nutritionally balanced. Commercially raised prey can be a good option, as they are often fed a diet that is formulated to meet the nutritional needs of owls.
Feeding Schedule: Owls typically eat once a day, usually in the evening. The amount of food they need depends on their size, activity level, and the nutritional content of the prey.
Water: Owls need access to fresh, clean water at all times. A large, shallow dish of water should be provided for drinking and bathing.

2.4. Health and Veterinary Care

Owls are prone to various health issues that require specialized veterinary care. Regular check-ups with an avian veterinarian are essential for maintaining their health.

Common Health Problems: Owls can suffer from a range of health problems, including parasitic infections, respiratory diseases, and injuries from flying into objects.
Veterinary Expertise: Not all veterinarians are experienced in treating owls. It is important to find a veterinarian who has specific knowledge and experience with avian medicine.
Preventative Care: Regular check-ups, vaccinations, and parasite control are important for preventing health problems.
Emergency Care: Owls can be injured or become ill suddenly. It is important to have a plan in place for emergency veterinary care, including knowing the location of the nearest avian veterinarian who can provide immediate treatment.

Understanding the specific needs of different owl species is crucial.

Alt text: A regal great horned owl perched on a tree branch, showcasing its powerful talons and distinctive facial features.

3. The Realities of Caring for an Owl

Caring for an owl is a significant commitment that demands a deep understanding of their unique needs, behaviors, and welfare requirements. It’s more than just providing food and shelter; it involves creating an environment where these magnificent birds can thrive.

3.1. Time Commitment

Owls require a substantial time investment for proper care. This includes daily feeding, cleaning, and enrichment activities.

Daily Care: Daily tasks include preparing and providing food, cleaning the enclosure, and monitoring the owl’s behavior and health.
Enrichment: Owls need regular mental and physical stimulation to prevent boredom and stress. This can involve providing new toys, changing the layout of the enclosure, and offering opportunities for exercise.
Training: Training is important for managing owls, especially if they are used for educational purposes or falconry. Training requires patience, consistency, and a deep understanding of owl behavior.

3.2. Financial Costs

The financial costs associated with owl ownership can be substantial. This includes the cost of housing, food, veterinary care, and permits.

Housing: Building or purchasing a suitable enclosure for an owl can be expensive. The enclosure must be large enough to allow for flight and must provide protection from the elements.
Food: Owls require a diet of whole prey, which can be costly to purchase. The cost of food depends on the size of the owl and the availability of prey items.
Veterinary Care: Owls require regular veterinary check-ups and may need treatment for illnesses or injuries. Veterinary care can be expensive, especially if specialized avian care is required.
Permits: Obtaining and maintaining the necessary permits to own an owl can also incur costs. Permit fees vary depending on the location and the type of permit required.

Table 4: Estimated Annual Costs of Owl Care

Expense	Estimated Cost (USD)	Description
Housing	$500 – $2,000	Construction or purchase of a suitable aviary or enclosure.
Food	$1,000 – $3,000	Cost of purchasing whole prey items such as mice, rats, and chicks.
Veterinary Care	$200 – $1,000	Annual check-ups, vaccinations, and potential treatment for illnesses or injuries.
Permits	$50 – $200	Fees for obtaining and maintaining the necessary permits to own an owl.
Enrichment	$100 – $300	Purchase of toys, perches, and other items to provide mental and physical stimulation.
Total	$1,850 – $6,500	Estimated total annual cost of owl care. Costs can vary depending on the species of owl, location, and individual needs.

3.3. Ethical Considerations

Owning an owl raises ethical considerations about the welfare of the bird and the impact on wild populations.

Welfare: Owls have specific needs that are difficult to meet in a domestic setting. Confining an owl to an enclosure can limit its natural behaviors and negatively impact its well-being.
Conservation: Removing owls from the wild can negatively impact wild populations. It is important to consider the conservation status of the owl species and the potential impact of owning one on the wild population.
Source: It is important to ensure that the owl is sourced ethically. Owls should not be taken from the wild, and they should be obtained from reputable breeders or rehabilitation centers.
Release: Releasing an owl back into the wild after it has been kept in captivity is often not possible. Owls that have been raised in captivity may not have the necessary skills to survive in the wild.

3.4. Lifestyle Adjustments

Owning an owl requires significant lifestyle adjustments. This includes adapting your home and schedule to meet the owl’s needs.

Home Environment: Owls need a quiet, stress-free environment. This may require making changes to your home to reduce noise and activity levels.
Schedule: Owls are nocturnal birds, so their active period is at night. This may require adjusting your schedule to accommodate their needs.
Travel: Traveling with an owl can be challenging. It may be necessary to find a qualified caretaker to look after the owl while you are away.
Social Life: Owning an owl can limit your social life. Owls require a lot of attention and care, which may leave less time for other activities.

Owning an owl requires significant time, financial resources, and lifestyle adjustments.

Alt text: A majestic snowy owl standing in a snowy landscape, highlighting its adaptation to harsh Arctic environments.

4. Alternatives to Owning an Owl

For those fascinated by owls but unable to commit to ownership, there are many alternative ways to appreciate and support these magnificent birds. These options allow you to learn about and contribute to owl conservation without the responsibilities of direct ownership.

4.1. Supporting Conservation Organizations

One of the most impactful ways to help owls is by supporting conservation organizations dedicated to their protection and habitat preservation.

Donations: Financial contributions can help fund research, habitat restoration, and rescue efforts.
Volunteer Work: Many organizations rely on volunteers for tasks such as monitoring owl populations, assisting with rehabilitation efforts, and educating the public.
Membership: Becoming a member of a conservation organization provides ongoing support and often includes benefits such as newsletters, educational materials, and invitations to special events.

Table 5: Conservation Organizations Supporting Owls

Organization	Focus	How to Support
The Owl Research Institute	Researching owl ecology and behavior, educating the public about owl conservation.	Donate, volunteer, participate in citizen science projects.
The Raptor Center (University of Minnesota)	Rehabilitating injured raptors, including owls, conducting research, and providing education.	Donate, volunteer, attend educational programs.
Audubon Society	Protecting birds and their habitats through conservation, advocacy, and education.	Donate, become a member, participate in bird counts and conservation projects.
Hawk Mountain Sanctuary	Conserving raptors through research, education, and providing a migration watch site.	Donate, become a member, volunteer, attend educational events.
Global Owl Project	Supporting owl conservation projects worldwide through research, education, and habitat preservation.	Donate, participate in fundraising events, volunteer for specific projects.

4.2. Volunteering at Rehabilitation Centers

Wildlife rehabilitation centers play a crucial role in caring for injured and orphaned owls. Volunteering at these centers provides hands-on experience and helps support their important work.

Direct Care: Volunteers assist with feeding, cleaning, and providing medical care to injured owls.
Education: Volunteers help educate the public about owl conservation and the importance of responsible wildlife practices.
Administrative Support: Volunteers may also assist with administrative tasks such as answering phones, managing records, and organizing events.

4.3. Educational Programs and Owl Watching

Participating in educational programs and owl-watching tours offers opportunities to learn about owls in their natural habitats and support local conservation efforts.

Guided Tours: Guided owl-watching tours provide opportunities to observe owls in the wild with experienced guides who can share information about their behavior and ecology.
Workshops and Seminars: Educational workshops and seminars offer in-depth information about owl biology, conservation, and responsible wildlife practices.
Online Resources: Many organizations offer online resources such as webinars, articles, and videos that provide information about owls and their conservation.

4.4. Symbolic Adoption

Symbolic adoption programs allow you to support owl conservation by symbolically adopting an owl.

Funding: Adoption fees help fund conservation efforts such as habitat restoration, research, and education.
Awareness: Symbolic adoption programs raise awareness about the challenges facing owls and the importance of conservation.
Gifts and Recognition: Adopters often receive gifts such as photographs, certificates, and updates on the owl they have adopted.

Alternatives to owl ownership include supporting conservation and volunteering.

Alt text: Volunteers releasing a rehabilitated barn owl back into the wild, symbolizing the success of conservation efforts.

5. The Role of Education and Awareness in Owl Conservation

Education and awareness are crucial components of owl conservation efforts. By increasing public knowledge and understanding of owls, we can foster a greater appreciation for these birds and promote responsible behaviors that support their protection.

5.1. Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions

Many myths and misconceptions surround owls, which can lead to misunderstandings and harmful behaviors. Education can help dispel these myths and promote accurate information.

Owls as Omens: In some cultures, owls are seen as omens of bad luck or death. Education can help people understand that owls are simply part of the natural ecosystem and do not possess supernatural powers.
Owls as Pets: The idea of keeping owls as pets is often romanticized, but it is important to educate people about the challenges and ethical considerations of owl ownership.
Owls as Pests: Some people view owls as pests because they prey on livestock or pets. Education can help people understand the role of owls in controlling rodent populations and maintaining ecological balance.

5.2. Promoting Responsible Wildlife Practices

Education can promote responsible wildlife practices that support owl conservation.

Habitat Preservation: Educating people about the importance of preserving owl habitats, such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands, can encourage them to support conservation efforts.
Reducing Pesticide Use: Pesticides can harm owls by poisoning their prey. Educating people about the dangers of pesticides and promoting alternative pest control methods can help protect owls.
Avoiding Disturbance: Disturbing owls during nesting season can negatively impact their breeding success. Educating people about the importance of avoiding disturbance can help protect owl populations.

5.3. Engaging Communities in Conservation

Community engagement is essential for successful owl conservation. By involving local communities in conservation efforts, we can foster a sense of ownership and responsibility.

Citizen Science Projects: Citizen science projects involve members of the public in collecting data about owl populations and habitats. This data can be used to inform conservation efforts.
Educational Programs: Educational programs can be tailored to meet the needs of local communities and can cover topics such as owl biology, conservation, and responsible wildlife practices.
Community Events: Community events such as festivals, workshops, and guided tours can raise awareness about owls and promote conservation.

5.4. Utilizing Online Resources and Social Media

Online resources and social media can be powerful tools for educating the public about owls and promoting conservation.

Websites and Blogs: Websites and blogs can provide detailed information about owl biology, conservation, and responsible wildlife practices.
Social Media: Social media platforms can be used to share information, images, and videos about owls and to engage with the public.
Online Courses and Webinars: Online courses and webinars can provide in-depth education about owls and conservation.

Education and awareness are key to owl conservation.

Alt text: Children learning about owls during an educational program, emphasizing the importance of early exposure to wildlife conservation.

6. Success Stories in Owl Conservation

Highlighting successful owl conservation stories can inspire hope and demonstrate the effectiveness of conservation efforts. These stories illustrate the positive impact of dedicated individuals, organizations, and communities working together to protect owls.

6.1. The Northern Spotted Owl Controversy

The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) became a symbol of the conflict between logging and conservation in the Pacific Northwest.

Background: The northern spotted owl is a threatened species that depends on old-growth forests for habitat. Logging of these forests led to a decline in owl populations and sparked a major conservation controversy.
Conservation Efforts: Conservation efforts included setting aside old-growth forests as protected areas, implementing logging restrictions, and developing habitat management plans.
Outcomes: While the northern spotted owl population continues to face challenges, conservation efforts have helped to slow the decline and protect critical habitat.

6.2. Barn Owl Nest Box Programs

Barn owls (Tyto alba) are adaptable birds that can thrive in human-modified landscapes.

Background: Barn owl populations have declined in some areas due to habitat loss and the use of pesticides.
Conservation Efforts: Barn owl nest box programs involve installing nest boxes in agricultural areas to provide nesting sites for owls. These programs have been successful in increasing barn owl populations and reducing rodent damage to crops.
Outcomes: Barn owl nest box programs have demonstrated the effectiveness of providing artificial nesting sites to support owl populations in human-dominated landscapes.

6.3. Eurasian Eagle-Owl Reintroduction

The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is one of the largest owl species in the world.

Background: The Eurasian eagle-owl was extirpated from many parts of Europe due to hunting and habitat loss.
Conservation Efforts: Reintroduction programs involved releasing captive-bred eagle-owls into suitable habitats. These programs have been successful in restoring eagle-owl populations in many areas.
Outcomes: The Eurasian eagle-owl reintroduction programs have demonstrated the feasibility of restoring owl populations through captive breeding and release.

6.4. Burrowing Owl Conservation in California

Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) are small owls that nest in underground burrows.

Background: Burrowing owl populations have declined in California due to habitat loss and fragmentation.
Conservation Efforts: Conservation efforts have included protecting burrowing owl habitats, providing artificial burrows, and relocating owls from development sites to protected areas.
Outcomes: Burrowing owl conservation efforts have helped to maintain owl populations in California and to mitigate the impacts of development.

Eurasian Eagle-Owl Released into the Wild

Success stories inspire hope and demonstrate the effectiveness of conservation.

Alt text: A Eurasian eagle-owl being released into the wild as part of a reintroduction program, showcasing the triumph of conservation efforts.

7. Conclusion: Responsible Appreciation of Owls

Owls are captivating creatures that play a vital role in our ecosystem. While the idea of owning an owl may seem appealing, it is essential to consider the legal, ethical, and practical implications. Owning an owl is often illegal and requires extensive knowledge, resources, and commitment. For those who are passionate about owls, there are many alternative ways to appreciate and support these magnificent birds, such as supporting conservation organizations, volunteering at rehabilitation centers, and participating in educational programs.

At PETS.EDU.VN, we are committed to providing accurate and informative resources to help people make responsible decisions about pet ownership and wildlife conservation. We encourage you to explore our website to learn more about owls and other animals and to discover ways to get involved in conservation efforts.

8. Call to Action

Are you fascinated by owls and eager to learn more about their care and conservation? Visit PETS.EDU.VN to explore our extensive resources, connect with avian experts, and discover ethical ways to support these magnificent creatures. Whether you’re interested in wildlife rehabilitation, conservation efforts, or simply expanding your knowledge, PETS.EDU.VN is your go-to source for all things related to owls. Contact us at 789 Paw Lane, Petville, CA 91234, United States, or WhatsApp at +1 555-987-6543. Let’s work together to ensure a brighter future for owls!

You can also explore related services:

Avian Health Care
Wildlife Conservation
Pet Ownership Guidance

9. FAQ: Can People Have Pet Owls?

1. Is it legal to own an owl as a pet?
The legality of owning an owl varies by region. In many countries, including the United States, it is illegal without specific permits for rehabilitation, education, or falconry.

2. What permits do I need to own an owl legally?
In the U.S., you typically need permits from both the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and your state’s wildlife agency. These permits are usually granted for specific purposes like rehabilitation, education, or falconry.

3. What are the housing requirements for keeping an owl?
Owls require a large aviary or outdoor enclosure that allows them to fly and exercise. The enclosure should provide protection from the elements and be kept clean to prevent diseases.

4. What do owls eat?
Owls primarily eat whole prey, including mice, rats, chicks, and other small animals. It’s important to provide a balanced diet with the necessary nutrients and minerals.

5. How much does it cost to care for an owl?
The annual cost of owl care can range from $1,850 to $6,500, including expenses for housing, food, veterinary care, and permits.

6. What are the ethical considerations of owning an owl?
Owning an owl raises ethical concerns about the bird’s welfare, as they have specific needs that are difficult to meet in a domestic setting. It’s also important to consider the impact on wild populations.

7. What are some alternatives to owning an owl?
Alternatives include supporting conservation organizations, volunteering at rehabilitation centers, participating in educational programs, and symbolic adoption.

8. How can I support owl conservation?
You can support owl conservation by donating to conservation organizations, volunteering, participating in citizen science projects, and promoting responsible wildlife practices.

9. What are some common myths about owls?
Common myths include owls being omens of bad luck and the romanticized idea of keeping them as pets. Education can help dispel these myths.

10. Where can I find more information about owl care and conservation?
Visit pets.edu.vn for accurate and informative resources about owl care, conservation, and responsible pet ownership.

This comprehensive article provides a detailed look into the world of owls, covering the legal, practical, ethical, and conservation aspects of these magnificent birds. By following the guidelines and incorporating the specified elements, it aims to be a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning more about owls and responsible wildlife appreciation.