Can I Keep A Pet Squirrel? Laws, Care, And Considerations

Squirrel ownership might seem like a whimsical idea, but can you legally keep a pet squirrel? This comprehensive guide on “Can I Keep A Pet Squirrel” from PETS.EDU.VN clarifies the legalities, care requirements, and ethical considerations involved in owning a pet squirrel. Discover if squirrel ownership is right for you by understanding the commitment and potential challenges, and find out how to provide a fulfilling life for these fascinating creatures. We will explore squirrel legality, squirrel care, and squirrel companionship.

1. Is it Legal to Keep a Pet Squirrel? Understanding the Laws

Whether or not you can legally keep a pet squirrel largely depends on where you live. Squirrel laws vary significantly from state to state, country to country, and even within different localities. Before considering squirrel companionship, it’s crucial to research and understand your local regulations.

1.1. Squirrel Legality in Different Regions

Squirrel legality is a complex issue with varying rules. In some areas, keeping a squirrel as a pet is completely prohibited due to wildlife protection laws or concerns about the spread of diseases. Other regions might allow it, but only with the proper permits or licenses.

United States: Squirrel laws vary widely by state. Some states, like North Carolina and Texas, may allow squirrel ownership with a permit, while others, like California and Pennsylvania, strictly prohibit it. Contacting your local wildlife agency is crucial to understanding the specific squirrel laws in your area.
United Kingdom: The laws regarding keeping squirrels as pets in the UK are quite strict. The native red squirrel is a protected species, and it is illegal to keep them. Non-native species, such as the grey squirrel, are considered invasive, and while keeping them might not be explicitly illegal in all areas, it is generally discouraged and may require special licenses.
Australia: Due to strict biosecurity laws aimed at protecting native wildlife and agriculture, keeping squirrels as pets in Australia is generally prohibited. The introduction of non-native species can have devastating consequences for the country’s unique ecosystem.
Canada: Similar to the United States, squirrel legality varies by province and territory. Some provinces may allow squirrel ownership with a permit, while others have outright bans. Contacting your local Ministry of Natural Resources or Environment is essential to determine the specific regulations in your area.

1.2. Why are Squirrel Laws in Place?

Squirrel laws are in place for several important reasons:

Wildlife Conservation: Many regulations aim to protect native squirrel populations and prevent the disruption of local ecosystems. Removing squirrels from the wild can negatively impact their populations and the environment they inhabit.
Disease Control: Squirrels can carry diseases that are transmissible to humans, such as rabies, tularemia, and leptospirosis. Regulating squirrel ownership helps to minimize the risk of disease outbreaks.
Animal Welfare: Squirrels have specialized needs that are difficult to meet in a domestic setting. Without proper care, they can suffer from malnutrition, stress, and other health problems.
Invasive Species Prevention: In some areas, non-native squirrel species can become invasive, outcompeting native wildlife and causing ecological damage. Laws regulating squirrel ownership can help prevent the introduction and spread of these invasive species.

1.3. Permits and Licensing Requirements

If your local regulations allow squirrel ownership, you will likely need to obtain the necessary permits or licenses. The requirements for these permits can vary, but they often include:

Proof of Education: You may need to demonstrate that you have the knowledge and skills necessary to properly care for a squirrel. This could involve completing a course on squirrel care or passing an exam.
Housing Inspection: Your enclosure for the squirrel may need to meet certain standards and be inspected by a wildlife official to ensure it is safe and appropriate.
Veterinary Care Plan: You may need to provide a plan for how you will provide veterinary care for your squirrel, including regular checkups and vaccinations.
Liability Insurance: Some jurisdictions may require you to carry liability insurance to cover any damages or injuries caused by your pet squirrel.

Failing to comply with these regulations can result in fines, confiscation of the squirrel, or even legal action. Always ensure you are fully compliant with all applicable laws before bringing a squirrel into your home.

2. Ethical Considerations Before Keeping a Pet Squirrel

Beyond the legal aspects, ethical considerations play a significant role in the decision to keep a pet squirrel. Squirrels are wild animals with complex needs and behaviors that may not be easily met in a domestic environment.

2.1. Squirrels are Wild Animals

It’s essential to remember that squirrels are not domesticated animals like dogs or cats. They have evolved to thrive in the wild, and their natural instincts and behaviors are not easily suppressed.

Natural Behaviors: Squirrels are highly active creatures that spend their days foraging, climbing, and exploring. They also have strong instincts to hoard food and build nests.
Social Needs: Squirrels are social animals that live in complex family groups in the wild. They communicate with each other through a variety of vocalizations and body language.
Environmental Needs: Squirrels require a large and stimulating environment to thrive. They need access to trees, branches, and other natural features that allow them to climb, jump, and explore.

Trying to confine a squirrel to a small cage or apartment can lead to significant stress, boredom, and behavioral problems.

2.2. Meeting the Unique Needs of a Squirrel

Meeting the unique needs of a squirrel in captivity can be challenging and requires a significant commitment of time, resources, and effort.

Enclosure Size: Squirrels need a large enclosure that allows them to climb, jump, and explore. A minimum size of 10 feet wide, 10 feet long, and 6 feet high is recommended for a single squirrel. The enclosure should be made of sturdy wire mesh to prevent escape and protect the squirrel from predators.
Enrichment: Squirrels need a variety of enrichment items to keep them mentally and physically stimulated. This can include branches, logs, ropes, swings, and puzzle toys.
Diet: Squirrels have a specialized diet that consists of nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, and insects. It’s essential to provide them with a balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs. Commercial squirrel food is available, but it should be supplemented with fresh, whole foods.
Veterinary Care: Squirrels require specialized veterinary care from a veterinarian who is experienced in treating exotic animals. Regular checkups and vaccinations are essential to maintain their health.

2.3. The Impact on Wild Populations

Taking a squirrel from the wild to keep as a pet can have a negative impact on wild populations. It can disrupt their social structure, reduce their numbers, and introduce diseases into the population.

Orphaned Squirrels: If you find an orphaned squirrel, it’s best to contact a local wildlife rehabilitator who can provide it with the care it needs and release it back into the wild.
Breeding Squirrels: Breeding squirrels in captivity can also have negative consequences. It can contribute to the overpopulation of squirrels, which can lead to habitat loss and other problems.

Consider the impact on wild populations before deciding to keep a pet squirrel.

2.4. Squirrel Ownership: A Long-Term Commitment

Squirrels can live for 10-12 years in captivity, so owning one is a long-term commitment. Are you prepared to provide the necessary care and attention for the duration of their life?

Relocation: If you move, will you be able to take your squirrel with you? Some states or countries may not allow you to bring a pet squirrel across their borders.
Lifestyle Changes: If your lifestyle changes, will you still be able to provide adequate care for your squirrel? Consider potential changes such as a new job, a new baby, or a change in living situation.
Financial Costs: Can you afford the ongoing costs of squirrel ownership, including food, veterinary care, and enrichment items?

3. What Kind of Squirrel Can Be a Pet?

If you have determined that it is legal and ethical to keep a pet squirrel in your area, the next step is to consider what kind of squirrel is best suited for companionship.

3.1. Common Types of Pet Squirrels

Not all squirrel species are equally well-suited for domestication. Some species are more adaptable to captivity than others. Here are a few of the most common types of pet squirrels:

American Red Squirrel: These squirrels are native to North America and are known for their small size and reddish-brown fur. They are active and curious creatures that can make entertaining pets.
Eastern Gray Squirrel: These squirrels are one of the most common squirrel species in North America. They are adaptable and can thrive in a variety of habitats. They can be friendly and interactive pets if raised from a young age.
Fox Squirrel: These squirrels are larger than gray squirrels and have a reddish-brown coat. They are intelligent and playful animals that can make good pets for experienced squirrel owners.

3.2. Squirrel Temperament and Personality

Each squirrel species has its own unique temperament and personality. It’s essential to research the specific characteristics of each species before deciding which one is right for you.

Activity Level: Some squirrel species are more active than others. If you are looking for a pet that will keep you entertained, choose a species with a high activity level.
Socialization: Some squirrel species are more social than others. If you want a pet that will interact with you, choose a species that is known for being friendly and outgoing.
Intelligence: All squirrel species are intelligent, but some are more trainable than others. If you want a pet that you can teach tricks to, choose a species that is known for being smart and adaptable.

3.3. Where to Obtain a Pet Squirrel

If you decide to get a pet squirrel, it’s essential to obtain it from a reputable source. Avoid taking squirrels from the wild, as this can be harmful to both the squirrel and the local ecosystem.

Licensed Breeders: Look for a licensed breeder who specializes in raising pet squirrels. A good breeder will be able to provide you with a healthy, well-socialized animal.
Wildlife Rehabilitators: Contact your local wildlife rehabilitator to see if they have any squirrels that need a home. Rehabilitators often care for orphaned or injured squirrels that cannot be released back into the wild.
Adoption Agencies: Check with local animal shelters and rescue organizations to see if they have any squirrels available for adoption.

4. Creating a Suitable Habitat for Your Pet Squirrel

Providing a suitable habitat is paramount to the well-being of your pet squirrel. This involves creating an enclosure that mimics their natural environment and provides opportunities for them to engage in their natural behaviors.

4.1. Enclosure Size and Design

Squirrels are active creatures that require a spacious enclosure to thrive. The enclosure should be large enough to allow them to run, jump, climb, and explore.

Minimum Size: A minimum size of 10 feet wide, 10 feet long, and 6 feet high is recommended for a single squirrel. The larger the enclosure, the better.
Material: The enclosure should be made of sturdy wire mesh to prevent escape and protect the squirrel from predators. The mesh should be small enough to prevent the squirrel from squeezing through.
Location: The enclosure should be located in a safe and secure area, away from extreme temperatures, direct sunlight, and loud noises.

4.2. Essential Enrichment Items

Enrichment is essential to keep your pet squirrel mentally and physically stimulated. Provide a variety of enrichment items to encourage them to engage in their natural behaviors.

Branches and Logs: Provide plenty of branches and logs for your squirrel to climb and explore. Use natural wood that is free of pesticides and other chemicals.
Ropes and Swings: Hang ropes and swings from the top of the enclosure to provide additional climbing opportunities.
Nesting Boxes: Provide a nesting box where your squirrel can sleep and feel secure. The nesting box should be large enough for the squirrel to turn around and should be filled with soft bedding material.
Puzzle Toys: Provide puzzle toys that challenge your squirrel to solve problems and find treats. This can help keep them mentally stimulated and prevent boredom.

4.3. Maintaining a Clean Environment

Maintaining a clean environment is essential to prevent the spread of disease and keep your pet squirrel healthy.

Daily Cleaning: Remove uneaten food and droppings from the enclosure daily.
Weekly Cleaning: Clean the entire enclosure thoroughly once a week, using a mild soap and water solution.
Disinfection: Disinfect the enclosure regularly with a pet-safe disinfectant.

5. Feeding Your Pet Squirrel: A Balanced Diet

A balanced diet is crucial for the health and well-being of your pet squirrel. Squirrels require a variety of nutrients to thrive, including protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

5.1. What Do Squirrels Eat in the Wild?

In the wild, squirrels eat a variety of foods, including:

Nuts and Seeds: Acorns, walnuts, pecans, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds
Fruits and Vegetables: Apples, berries, grapes, carrots, and broccoli
Insects: Mealworms, crickets, and grasshoppers
Mushrooms: Edible mushrooms found in the forest
Flowers and Buds: Edible flowers and tree buds

5.2. Creating a Balanced Diet for Your Pet Squirrel

To create a balanced diet for your pet squirrel, you should offer a variety of foods from each of the food groups listed above.

Commercial Squirrel Food: Commercial squirrel food is available at most pet stores. Look for a high-quality food that is specifically formulated for squirrels.
Nuts and Seeds: Offer a variety of nuts and seeds, but be sure to limit the amount of fatty nuts, such as peanuts and cashews.
Fruits and Vegetables: Offer a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Wash them thoroughly before feeding them to your squirrel.
Insects: Offer insects as a treat, but don’t overdo it. Insects are high in protein and can cause digestive problems if fed in excess.

5.3. Foods to Avoid

Some foods are toxic to squirrels and should be avoided at all costs. These include:

Chocolate: Chocolate is toxic to most animals, including squirrels.
Onions and Garlic: Onions and garlic can cause anemia in squirrels.
Avocado: Avocado contains a toxin that can be harmful to squirrels.
Processed Foods: Processed foods are high in sugar, salt, and fat and can cause obesity and other health problems in squirrels.

5.4. Supplements

Squirrels may need supplements to ensure they are getting all the nutrients they need.

Calcium: Calcium is essential for strong bones and teeth. Supplement your squirrel’s diet with a calcium supplement if they are not getting enough calcium from their food.
Vitamin D: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption. Supplement your squirrel’s diet with a vitamin D supplement if they are not getting enough sunlight.
Multivitamin: A multivitamin can help ensure that your squirrel is getting all the vitamins and minerals they need.

6. Caring for Your Pet Squirrel: Health and Hygiene

Proper care is essential to ensure your pet squirrel lives a long and healthy life. This includes providing regular veterinary care, maintaining good hygiene, and monitoring their behavior for signs of illness.

6.1. Finding a Veterinarian

Finding a veterinarian experienced in treating squirrels is essential. Not all veterinarians are familiar with the unique needs of exotic animals.

Exotic Animal Veterinarian: Look for a veterinarian who specializes in treating exotic animals. These veterinarians have the knowledge and experience to properly diagnose and treat squirrel illnesses.
Referrals: Ask your local animal shelter or rescue organization for referrals to veterinarians who treat squirrels.
Online Search: Search online for veterinarians in your area who specialize in exotic animal care.

6.2. Common Health Problems in Squirrels

Squirrels are susceptible to a variety of health problems, including:

Parasites: Squirrels can be infested with internal and external parasites, such as worms, fleas, and mites. Regular deworming and parasite control are essential.
Respiratory Infections: Squirrels can develop respiratory infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis. Symptoms include coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing.
Dental Problems: Squirrels can develop dental problems, such as overgrown teeth and abscesses. Regular dental checkups are essential.
Metabolic Bone Disease: Metabolic bone disease is a condition caused by a calcium deficiency. Symptoms include weak bones, muscle tremors, and seizures.

6.3. Recognizing Signs of Illness

It’s essential to be able to recognize the signs of illness in your pet squirrel. Early detection and treatment can improve their chances of recovery.

Changes in Appetite: A decrease in appetite can be a sign of illness.
Lethargy: If your squirrel is less active than usual, it could be a sign of illness.
Discharge from Eyes or Nose: Discharge from the eyes or nose can be a sign of a respiratory infection.
Diarrhea or Vomiting: Diarrhea or vomiting can be a sign of a digestive problem.
Hair Loss: Hair loss can be a sign of a skin condition or parasite infestation.

6.4. Hygiene Practices

Maintaining good hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of disease.

Regular Grooming: Squirrels groom themselves regularly, but you can help by brushing them with a soft brush.
Bathing: Squirrels don’t need to be bathed regularly, but you can give them a bath if they get dirty. Use a mild shampoo that is specifically formulated for small animals.
Nail Trimming: Trim your squirrel’s nails regularly to prevent them from getting too long.

7. Training and Socialization for Your Pet Squirrel

While squirrels are not as easily trained as dogs or cats, you can still train them to perform certain behaviors and socialize them to be comfortable around people.

7.1. Basic Training Techniques

Positive Reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement to reward your squirrel for good behavior. This can include treats, praise, or petting.
Clicker Training: Clicker training is a method of training animals using a clicker to mark desired behaviors. When your squirrel performs a behavior you want to reinforce, click the clicker and give them a treat.
Consistency: Be consistent with your training. Use the same commands and rewards every time you train your squirrel.

7.2. Common Training Goals

Coming When Called: You can train your squirrel to come when called by using a whistle or a verbal command. Reward them with a treat when they come to you.
Using a Litter Box: You can train your squirrel to use a litter box by placing it in their enclosure and rewarding them when they use it.
Avoiding Biting: Squirrels can bite if they feel threatened. You can train your squirrel to avoid biting by teaching them to associate your hand with positive experiences.

7.3. Socialization Tips

Handle Your Squirrel Regularly: Handle your squirrel regularly from a young age to get them used to being touched.
Introduce Your Squirrel to New People: Introduce your squirrel to new people gradually. Start by having them observe from a distance, then gradually allow them to get closer.
Supervise Interactions with Children: Supervise interactions between your squirrel and children to prevent accidents.

7.4. Understanding Squirrel Behavior

Understanding squirrel behavior is crucial for successful training and socialization.

Body Language: Pay attention to your squirrel’s body language. A relaxed squirrel will have a relaxed posture and will be curious and playful. A stressed squirrel will be tense and may try to hide or bite.
Vocalizations: Squirrels use a variety of vocalizations to communicate. Learn to recognize the different sounds your squirrel makes and what they mean.
Natural Instincts: Remember that squirrels have natural instincts that cannot be completely suppressed. Be patient and understanding, and don’t try to force them to do things they don’t want to do.

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8. Legal Considerations for Keeping a Pet Squirrel

Navigating the legal landscape of squirrel ownership is crucial to ensure you are complying with all applicable laws and regulations.

8.1. State and Local Regulations

As mentioned earlier, squirrel laws vary widely from state to state and even within different localities. It’s essential to research and understand the specific regulations in your area before considering squirrel ownership.

Wildlife Agencies: Contact your local wildlife agency to inquire about the specific laws and regulations regarding keeping squirrels as pets.
City and County Ordinances: Check with your city and county governments to see if there are any local ordinances that regulate squirrel ownership.
Homeowners Associations: If you live in a neighborhood with a homeowners association, check their rules and regulations to see if they allow pet squirrels.

8.2. Permits and Licenses

If your local regulations allow squirrel ownership, you will likely need to obtain the necessary permits or licenses.

Application Process: Contact your local wildlife agency to inquire about the application process for obtaining a permit or license.
Requirements: Be prepared to meet certain requirements, such as providing proof of education, passing an inspection, and carrying liability insurance.
Renewal: Be aware of the renewal requirements for your permit or license.

8.3. Potential Penalties for Non-Compliance

Failing to comply with squirrel laws can result in serious penalties, including:

Fines: You may be fined for keeping a squirrel without the proper permits or licenses.
Confiscation: Your squirrel may be confiscated by wildlife officials.
Legal Action: You may face legal action, such as a lawsuit or criminal charges.

8.4. Traveling with a Pet Squirrel

Traveling with a pet squirrel can be complicated, as different states and countries have different regulations regarding the transportation of wild animals.

Interstate Travel: Check with the wildlife agencies in the states you will be traveling through to see if they allow pet squirrels.
International Travel: International travel with a pet squirrel is generally prohibited due to strict biosecurity laws.
Documentation: If you are allowed to travel with your squirrel, be sure to have all the necessary documentation, such as permits, licenses, and health certificates.

9. Finding a Rescue Squirrel

Adopting a rescue squirrel can be a rewarding experience, providing a loving home for an animal in need.

9.1. Local Animal Shelters and Rescues

Contact Shelters: Reach out to local animal shelters and wildlife rescues to inquire about adoptable squirrels.
Online Databases: Search online databases that list adoptable animals in your area.
Networking: Network with other animal lovers and wildlife enthusiasts to find rescue squirrels.

9.2. Wildlife Rehabilitators

Contact Rehabilitators: Contact local wildlife rehabilitators to see if they have any squirrels that need a home.
Adoption Policies: Inquire about the rehabilitator’s adoption policies and requirements.
Health Records: Ask for the squirrel’s health records to ensure you are aware of any potential health issues.

9.3. Assessing a Rescue Squirrel’s Health and Temperament

Physical Examination: Conduct a thorough physical examination of the squirrel to check for any signs of illness or injury.
Behavioral Assessment: Observe the squirrel’s behavior to assess its temperament and socialization level.
Veterinary Checkup: Take the squirrel to a veterinarian for a checkup to ensure it is healthy.

9.4. Preparing Your Home for a Rescue Squirrel

Secure Enclosure: Ensure your enclosure is secure and escape-proof.
Enrichment: Provide plenty of enrichment items to keep the squirrel mentally and physically stimulated.
Safe Environment: Create a safe and comfortable environment for the squirrel to adjust to its new home.

10. Alternatives to Keeping a Pet Squirrel

If keeping a pet squirrel is not feasible or ethical in your situation, there are still ways to appreciate and interact with these fascinating creatures.

10.1. Wildlife Observation

Visit Parks and Nature Reserves: Visit local parks and nature reserves to observe squirrels in their natural habitat.
Bird Feeding: Put out bird feeders to attract squirrels to your yard.
Photography: Capture the beauty of squirrels through photography.

10.2. Supporting Wildlife Conservation Efforts

Donate to Conservation Organizations: Donate to organizations that work to protect squirrel habitats and populations.
Volunteer: Volunteer your time to assist with wildlife conservation projects.
Educate Others: Educate others about the importance of protecting squirrels and their habitats.

10.3. Educational Resources

Books and Articles: Read books and articles about squirrels to learn more about their biology, behavior, and ecology.
Documentaries: Watch documentaries about squirrels to see them in their natural environment.
Online Courses: Take online courses about wildlife conservation and management.

10.4. Virtual Experiences

Live Streams: Watch live streams of squirrels in their natural habitat.
Virtual Tours: Take virtual tours of wildlife sanctuaries and rehabilitation centers.
Interactive Games: Play interactive games that simulate the life of a squirrel.

At PETS.EDU.VN, we understand the allure of these captivating creatures and the desire to provide them with the best possible care. Before making any decisions, we encourage you to thoroughly research the legalities, ethical considerations, and care requirements. If you are considering bringing a squirrel into your home, be sure to check out our comprehensive resources on responsible pet ownership, exotic animal care, and local wildlife regulations.

FAQ: Keeping a Pet Squirrel

Here are some frequently asked questions about keeping a pet squirrel:

Is it legal to own a squirrel? Laws vary widely by location. Research your local regulations before considering squirrel ownership.
What do squirrels eat? Squirrels eat a variety of nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, and insects.
How big of a cage do squirrels need? Squirrels need a spacious enclosure, with a minimum size of 10 feet wide, 10 feet long, and 6 feet high.
Are squirrels easy to train? Squirrels are not as easily trained as dogs or cats, but they can be trained to perform certain behaviors.
What are some common health problems in squirrels? Common health problems include parasites, respiratory infections, and dental problems.
How long do squirrels live? Squirrels can live for 10-12 years in captivity.
Can squirrels be litterbox trained? Yes, with patience and consistency, squirrels can be litterbox trained.
Do squirrels require special veterinary care? Yes, squirrels require specialized veterinary care from a veterinarian experienced in treating exotic animals.
What are some enrichment items for squirrels? Enrichment items include branches, logs, ropes, swings, and puzzle toys.
Where can I find a rescue squirrel? Contact local animal shelters, wildlife rescues, and wildlife rehabilitators to inquire about adoptable squirrels.

If you are passionate about animal welfare and interested in learning more about responsible pet ownership, PETS.EDU.VN is your go-to resource. Our website offers a wealth of information on a variety of topics, including exotic animal care, wildlife conservation, and local pet regulations.

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