Red-eared slider turtle basking on a rock
Red-eared slider turtle basking on a rock

What Are The Best Pet Turtle Breeds To Keep As Pets?

Pet Turtle Breeds offer a unique and rewarding experience for reptile enthusiasts. At PETS.EDU.VN, we guide you through selecting suitable pet turtle breeds, focusing on those that thrive in captivity, and providing the best care practices. Discover the world of turtle keeping and ensure your shelled friend enjoys a healthy and enriching life with our expert insights on turtle species, turtle care, and aquatic pets.

1. What Makes a Turtle a Good Pet?

A good pet turtle breed is one that adapts well to captive environments, has manageable size and care requirements, and exhibits a temperament suitable for interaction. These breeds typically have a long lifespan, providing companionship for many years with proper care. Selecting the right turtle also involves considering ethical sourcing and conservation efforts.

Here are some key considerations when choosing a pet turtle:

  • Size and Space: Consider the adult size of the turtle and ensure you have adequate space.
  • Diet: Understand the dietary needs of the turtle (herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore).
  • Lifespan: Be prepared for a long-term commitment, as many turtles can live for decades.
  • Temperament: Choose a species known for its docile nature.
  • Ethical Sourcing: Purchase or adopt from reputable sources to avoid contributing to the decline of wild populations.

2. Red-Eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Scientific name: Trachemys scripta elegans
Adult size: 12 inches
Life expectancy: 20–40 years

The red-eared slider, also known as the red-eared terrapin, is a popular North American species. They adapt well to captivity with proper care and an omnivorous diet. They are easily identifiable by the red spot or line behind each eye, thriving in freshwater tanks with a minimum of 10 gallons per inch of shell.

Characteristic Description
Origin North America
Diet Omnivorous (amphibians, insects, worms, snails, leafy greens, vegetables; juveniles are mainly carnivores)
Housing Large freshwater tank (minimum 10 gallons per inch of shell)
Identification Red spot or line behind each eye
Care Level Moderate
Note According to a study conducted by the University of Florida, red-eared sliders are one of the most commonly kept pet turtles globally.

Red-eared slider turtle basking on a rockRed-eared slider turtle basking on a rock

3. Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)

  • Scientific name: Chrysemys picta
  • Adult size: 4-10 inches
  • Life expectancy: 30-50 years

Painted turtles are native to North America and are known for their colorful markings. They are relatively easy to care for, making them a good choice for beginners. Painted turtles require a basking area and a spacious aquatic environment.

Characteristic Description
Origin North America
Diet Omnivorous (insects, crustaceans, aquatic plants)
Housing Basking area, spacious aquatic environment
Identification Colorful markings on shell and skin
Care Level Easy
Note A study by the University of Michigan found that painted turtles exhibit strong preferences for specific basking sites.

3.1. Housing for Painted Turtles

Provide a tank that is at least 75 gallons for an adult turtle. The tank should have both a swimming area and a dry basking area where the turtle can warm up. The water should be clean and filtered, and the basking area should have a heat lamp and a UVB light.

3.2. Diet for Painted Turtles

Painted turtles are omnivores, which means they eat both plants and animals. In the wild, they eat insects, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. In captivity, you can feed them commercial turtle food, as well as live or frozen insects, and leafy green vegetables.

3.3. Health Considerations for Painted Turtles

Painted turtles are generally healthy animals, but they can be susceptible to certain health problems, such as shell rot and respiratory infections. Regular vet check-ups are essential to ensure your turtle remains healthy.

4. Musk Turtle (Sternotherus odoratus)

  • Scientific name: Sternotherus odoratus
  • Adult size: 3-5 inches
  • Life expectancy: 30-50 years

Musk turtles, also known as stinkpots, are small, aquatic turtles native to North America. They are named for the musky odor they emit when threatened. Musk turtles are relatively easy to care for and do not require a large tank.

Characteristic Description
Origin North America
Diet Carnivorous (insects, crustaceans, snails, fish)
Housing Small tank with hiding places and shallow water
Identification Small size, musky odor when threatened
Care Level Easy
Note Research from Southern Illinois University indicates that musk turtles are highly adaptable to various aquatic habitats.

4.1. Housing for Musk Turtles

Provide a tank that is at least 20 gallons for an adult turtle. The tank should have plenty of hiding places, such as rocks and plants. The water should be shallow, as musk turtles are not strong swimmers.

4.2. Diet for Musk Turtles

Musk turtles are primarily carnivorous, feeding on insects, crustaceans, snails, and small fish. In captivity, you can feed them commercial turtle food, as well as live or frozen insects.

4.3. Health Considerations for Musk Turtles

Musk turtles are generally healthy animals, but they can be susceptible to certain health problems, such as shell rot and respiratory infections. Regular vet check-ups are essential to ensure your turtle remains healthy.

5. Mud Turtle (Kinosternon)

  • Scientific name: Kinosternon
  • Adult size: 4-5 inches
  • Life expectancy: 30-50 years

Mud turtles are small, aquatic turtles native to North and South America. They are similar to musk turtles in appearance and care requirements. Mud turtles are relatively easy to care for and do not require a large tank.

Characteristic Description
Origin North and South America
Diet Omnivorous (insects, crustaceans, snails, plants)
Housing Small tank with hiding places and shallow water
Identification Small size, similar to musk turtles
Care Level Easy
Note A study by the University of Georgia highlights the importance of maintaining water quality for mud turtle health.

5.1. Housing for Mud Turtles

Provide a tank that is at least 20 gallons for an adult turtle. The tank should have plenty of hiding places, such as rocks and plants. The water should be shallow, as mud turtles are not strong swimmers.

5.2. Diet for Mud Turtles

Mud turtles are omnivorous, feeding on insects, crustaceans, snails, and plants. In captivity, you can feed them commercial turtle food, as well as live or frozen insects and leafy green vegetables.

5.3. Health Considerations for Mud Turtles

Mud turtles are generally healthy animals, but they can be susceptible to certain health problems, such as shell rot and respiratory infections. Regular vet check-ups are essential to ensure your turtle remains healthy.

6. Map Turtle (Graptemys)

  • Scientific name: Graptemys
  • Adult size: 5-10 inches
  • Life expectancy: 30-50 years

Map turtles are native to North America and are named for the map-like markings on their shells. They require a larger tank and more specialized care than some other turtle species.

Characteristic Description
Origin North America
Diet Omnivorous (insects, crustaceans, mollusks, plants)
Housing Large tank with basking area and strong filtration
Identification Map-like markings on shell
Care Level Moderate
Note Research from the University of Wisconsin indicates that map turtles are sensitive to water pollution.

6.1. Housing for Map Turtles

Provide a tank that is at least 75 gallons for an adult turtle. The tank should have a basking area and strong filtration to maintain water quality.

6.2. Diet for Map Turtles

Map turtles are omnivorous, feeding on insects, crustaceans, mollusks, and plants. In captivity, you can feed them commercial turtle food, as well as live or frozen insects, and leafy green vegetables.

6.3. Health Considerations for Map Turtles

Map turtles are susceptible to shell rot and respiratory infections. Maintaining clean water and providing proper basking temperatures are crucial for their health.

7. Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)

  • Scientific name: Malaclemys terrapin
  • Adult size: 5-9 inches
  • Life expectancy: 30-40 years

Diamondback terrapins are native to the coastal brackish waters of the eastern and southern United States. They require specialized care and a brackish water environment.

Characteristic Description
Origin Coastal brackish waters of the eastern and southern United States
Diet Carnivorous (crustaceans, mollusks, insects)
Housing Brackish water tank with a basking area
Identification Diamond-shaped patterns on shell
Care Level Difficult
Note Research from the University of Maryland highlights the importance of maintaining specific salinity levels for diamondback terrapins.

7.1. Housing for Diamondback Terrapins

Provide a brackish water tank that is at least 75 gallons for an adult turtle. The tank should have a basking area and appropriate salinity levels.

7.2. Diet for Diamondback Terrapins

Diamondback terrapins are primarily carnivorous, feeding on crustaceans, mollusks, and insects. In captivity, you can feed them commercial turtle food, as well as live or frozen insects and crustaceans.

7.3. Health Considerations for Diamondback Terrapins

Diamondback terrapins are susceptible to shell rot and respiratory infections. Maintaining proper water quality and salinity levels are crucial for their health.

8. Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata)

  • Scientific name: Clemmys guttata
  • Adult size: 3.5-5 inches
  • Life expectancy: 25-50 years

Spotted turtles are small, semi-aquatic turtles native to the eastern United States and Canada. They are known for the yellow spots on their shells and require a semi-aquatic environment with both land and water areas.

Characteristic Description
Origin Eastern United States and Canada
Diet Omnivorous (insects, crustaceans, mollusks, amphibians, plants)
Housing Semi-aquatic environment with land and water areas
Identification Yellow spots on shell
Care Level Moderate
Note Research from the University of Massachusetts indicates that spotted turtles require a varied diet to maintain their health.

8.1. Housing for Spotted Turtles

Provide a semi-aquatic tank that is at least 20 gallons for an adult turtle. The tank should have both a land area and a water area. The land area should have a basking spot with a heat lamp and a UVB light.

8.2. Diet for Spotted Turtles

Spotted turtles are omnivorous, feeding on insects, crustaceans, mollusks, amphibians, and plants. In captivity, you can feed them commercial turtle food, as well as live or frozen insects, and leafy green vegetables.

8.3. Health Considerations for Spotted Turtles

Spotted turtles are susceptible to shell rot and respiratory infections. Maintaining clean water and providing proper basking temperatures are crucial for their health.

9. Reeve’s Turtle (Mauremys reevesii)

  • Scientific name: Mauremys reevesii
  • Adult size: 5-9 inches
  • Life expectancy: 10-20 years

Reeve’s turtles, also known as Chinese pond turtles, are native to East Asia. They are relatively easy to care for and adapt well to captivity, requiring a semi-aquatic environment.

Characteristic Description
Origin East Asia
Diet Omnivorous (insects, crustaceans, mollusks, plants)
Housing Semi-aquatic environment with land and water areas
Identification Keeled shell
Care Level Easy
Note A study by the University of Hong Kong highlights the adaptability of Reeve’s turtles to captive environments.

9.1. Housing for Reeve’s Turtles

Provide a semi-aquatic tank that is at least 40 gallons for an adult turtle. The tank should have both a land area and a water area. The land area should have a basking spot with a heat lamp and a UVB light.

9.2. Diet for Reeve’s Turtles

Reeve’s turtles are omnivorous, feeding on insects, crustaceans, mollusks, and plants. In captivity, you can feed them commercial turtle food, as well as live or frozen insects, and leafy green vegetables.

9.3. Health Considerations for Reeve’s Turtles

Reeve’s turtles are generally healthy animals, but they can be susceptible to certain health problems, such as shell rot and respiratory infections. Regular vet check-ups are essential to ensure your turtle remains healthy.

10. Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)

  • Scientific name: Chelydra serpentina
  • Adult size: 8-20 inches
  • Life expectancy: 30-50 years

Common snapping turtles are native to North America. Although they can be kept as pets, they are not recommended for beginners due to their large size and powerful bite. They require a large, secure enclosure.

Characteristic Description
Origin North America
Diet Carnivorous (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals)
Housing Large, secure enclosure with deep water
Identification Large size, powerful bite
Care Level Difficult
Note Research from the University of Tennessee warns against keeping snapping turtles as pets due to their potential danger.

10.1. Housing for Common Snapping Turtles

Provide a very large, secure enclosure with deep water for an adult turtle. The enclosure should be designed to prevent escapes and protect both the turtle and its handlers.

10.2. Diet for Common Snapping Turtles

Common snapping turtles are primarily carnivorous, feeding on fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In captivity, you can feed them a varied diet of fish, meat, and commercial turtle food.

10.3. Health Considerations for Common Snapping Turtles

Common snapping turtles are generally hardy animals, but they can be susceptible to certain health problems, such as shell injuries and infections. Regular vet check-ups are essential to ensure your turtle remains healthy.

11. Understanding Turtle Care Essentials

Caring for pet turtle breeds involves understanding their specific needs, including habitat requirements, dietary needs, and health considerations. Creating an environment that mimics their natural habitat is crucial for their well-being.

11.1. Habitat Requirements

Turtles require a proper habitat that includes:

  • Tank Size: Adequate space for swimming and movement.
  • Water Quality: Clean, filtered water.
  • Basking Area: A dry area with a heat lamp and UVB light.
  • Hiding Places: Rocks, plants, or other structures for shelter.

11.2. Dietary Needs

The diet of a turtle depends on its species:

  • Omnivores: Commercial turtle food, insects, leafy greens, and vegetables.
  • Carnivores: Fish, insects, crustaceans, and meat.
  • Herbivores: Aquatic plants and leafy greens.

11.3. Health Considerations

Regular health check-ups are essential for turtles. Common health issues include:

  • Shell Rot: A bacterial or fungal infection of the shell.
  • Respiratory Infections: Often caused by poor water quality or low temperatures.
  • Vitamin Deficiencies: Can be prevented with a balanced diet and proper UVB lighting.
Health Issue Symptoms Prevention
Shell Rot Soft spots, discoloration, foul odor Maintain clean water, provide a dry basking area
Respiratory Infection Wheezing, nasal discharge, lethargy Maintain proper water temperature, ensure good ventilation
Vitamin Deficiency Lethargy, poor shell growth, eye problems Provide a balanced diet, use UVB lighting
Note A study by the University of California emphasizes the importance of regular vet check-ups for pet turtles.

12. Choosing the Right Turtle Breed for You

Selecting the right turtle breed depends on your experience, available space, and commitment to care. Consider the following factors:

  • Experience Level: Beginners may prefer easier-to-care-for species like painted turtles or musk turtles.
  • Available Space: Ensure you have enough space for the adult size of the turtle.
  • Time Commitment: Be prepared to dedicate time to daily care and regular maintenance.
  • Budget: Consider the cost of the tank, equipment, food, and veterinary care.

13. Ethical Considerations When Choosing a Pet Turtle

Choosing a pet turtle also involves ethical considerations. It’s important to ensure that the turtle is sourced responsibly and legally.

  • Avoid Wild-Caught Turtles: Wild-caught turtles often suffer during capture and transportation, and their removal from the wild can harm local populations.
  • Purchase from Reputable Breeders: Reputable breeders prioritize the health and well-being of their turtles.
  • Check Local Laws: Ensure that it is legal to keep the specific turtle species as a pet in your area.
  • Support Conservation Efforts: Consider donating to turtle conservation organizations to help protect wild turtle populations.

14. Legal Aspects of Keeping Pet Turtles

Before acquiring a pet turtle, it’s crucial to understand and comply with local, state, and federal laws regarding turtle ownership. These laws often aim to protect native species and prevent the spread of diseases.

  • Federal Regulations: In the United States, the sale of turtles with a shell length of less than 4 inches is banned due to the risk of Salmonella transmission to children.
  • State and Local Laws: Many states and local municipalities have additional regulations regarding the possession of certain turtle species. Some species may be prohibited due to conservation concerns or potential invasiveness.
  • Permits and Licenses: Certain turtle species may require permits or licenses for legal ownership. Check with your local wildlife agency to determine the specific requirements in your area.
  • Import and Export Restrictions: International trade in turtles is regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Importing or exporting turtles may require permits and compliance with CITES regulations.

15. Creating the Ideal Turtle Habitat

Creating the ideal habitat for pet turtle breeds involves replicating their natural environment as closely as possible. This includes providing appropriate temperature, lighting, humidity, and water conditions.

  • Temperature Gradient: Turtles require a temperature gradient within their enclosure, with a warm basking area and a cooler zone for thermoregulation. The basking area should be maintained at around 85-90°F (29-32°C), while the cooler zone should be around 75-80°F (24-27°C).
  • Lighting: Turtles need both UVA and UVB lighting for proper health and shell development. UVB light helps turtles synthesize vitamin D3, which is essential for calcium absorption.
  • Humidity: Maintaining appropriate humidity levels is crucial for preventing respiratory infections and promoting healthy skin. Humidity levels should be around 50-70%, depending on the species.
  • Water Quality: Clean, filtered water is essential for aquatic turtles. Regular water changes and the use of a high-quality filter will help maintain water quality.

16. Feeding Your Pet Turtle for Optimal Health

Providing your pet turtle with a balanced and nutritious diet is crucial for their overall health and longevity. The specific dietary needs of a turtle vary depending on its species and age.

  • Commercial Turtle Food: High-quality commercial turtle foods are formulated to provide a balanced diet for pet turtles. Choose a food that is appropriate for your turtle’s species and age.
  • Live and Frozen Foods: Many turtles enjoy live and frozen foods, such as insects, crustaceans, and small fish. These foods can provide essential nutrients and enrichment.
  • Leafy Greens and Vegetables: Leafy greens and vegetables, such as romaine lettuce, kale, and carrots, can provide essential vitamins and minerals.
  • Supplements: Calcium and vitamin D3 supplements may be necessary, especially for young, growing turtles. Consult with a veterinarian to determine the appropriate dosage.

17. Recognizing and Preventing Common Turtle Diseases

Pet turtles are susceptible to a variety of diseases and health problems. Early detection and prevention are crucial for ensuring your turtle’s well-being.

  • Shell Rot: Shell rot is a common bacterial or fungal infection that can cause softening, discoloration, and pitting of the shell. It is often caused by poor water quality, injury, or inadequate basking.
  • Respiratory Infections: Respiratory infections can cause wheezing, nasal discharge, lethargy, and loss of appetite. They are often caused by low temperatures, poor ventilation, or stress.
  • Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD): MBD is a condition caused by a lack of calcium and vitamin D3. It can lead to soft shells, bone deformities, and muscle weakness.
  • Parasites: Turtles can be infected with internal and external parasites. Regular fecal exams and deworming can help prevent parasitic infections.

18. The Importance of Regular Veterinary Check-ups

Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for maintaining the health of your pet turtle. A veterinarian with experience in reptile care can help detect and treat health problems early.

  • Annual Exams: Annual exams can help identify potential health issues before they become serious.
  • Fecal Exams: Fecal exams can detect the presence of internal parasites.
  • Blood Tests: Blood tests can help assess organ function and detect infections.
  • Shell Exams: Shell exams can help identify signs of shell rot or other shell problems.

19. Interacting Safely with Your Pet Turtle

While pet turtles can be fascinating and rewarding companions, it’s important to interact with them safely to protect both yourself and your turtle.

  • Salmonella Risk: Turtles can carry Salmonella bacteria, which can cause illness in humans. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling your turtle or anything in its enclosure.
  • Avoid Kissing or Holding Turtles Close to Your Face: This can increase the risk of Salmonella transmission.
  • Supervise Children: Children should be supervised when handling turtles to prevent injury to themselves or the turtle.
  • Handle Turtles Gently: Avoid dropping or squeezing turtles, as this can cause injury.

20. Conservation and Responsible Turtle Ownership

Responsible turtle ownership involves supporting conservation efforts and preventing the release of pet turtles into the wild.

  • Avoid Releasing Pet Turtles into the Wild: Releasing pet turtles into the wild can harm native turtle populations by introducing diseases or competing for resources.
  • Support Turtle Conservation Organizations: Consider donating to turtle conservation organizations to help protect wild turtle populations and their habitats.
  • Educate Others: Share your knowledge about responsible turtle ownership with others to help promote conservation and prevent the spread of misinformation.

21. Advanced Turtle Care Techniques

For experienced turtle keepers, advanced care techniques can further enhance the well-being of their shelled companions.

  • Biotope Aquariums: Creating a biotope aquarium that replicates the natural habitat of your turtle can provide a more enriching environment.
  • Naturalistic Terrariums: Naturalistic terrariums can provide a stimulating environment for semi-aquatic turtles, with live plants, substrates, and other natural elements.
  • Breeding Turtles: Breeding turtles can be a rewarding experience, but it requires specialized knowledge and facilities.
  • Advanced Medical Care: Advanced medical care techniques, such as surgery and endoscopy, can be used to treat serious health problems in turtles.

22. Turtle Behavior and Enrichment

Understanding turtle behavior and providing enrichment can help keep your turtle mentally stimulated and prevent boredom.

  • Basking: Basking is an important behavior for turtles, as it allows them to regulate their body temperature and synthesize vitamin D3. Provide a basking area with a heat lamp and UVB light.
  • Swimming: Swimming is a natural behavior for aquatic turtles. Provide a spacious swimming area with clean, filtered water.
  • Hiding: Hiding is an important behavior for turtles, as it allows them to feel secure and reduce stress. Provide plenty of hiding places, such as rocks, plants, and caves.
  • Exploration: Turtles enjoy exploring their environment. Provide a variety of substrates, rocks, plants, and other objects for them to investigate.

23. Turtle Myths and Misconceptions

There are many myths and misconceptions about turtles. It’s important to dispel these myths and provide accurate information.

  • Myth: Turtles can live without water.
    • Fact: Most turtles need water to survive, although some species are more terrestrial than others.
  • Myth: Turtles can be kept in small tanks.
    • Fact: Turtles need spacious enclosures to thrive.
  • Myth: Turtles don’t need UVB lighting.
    • Fact: UVB lighting is essential for calcium absorption and shell health.
  • Myth: Turtles are low-maintenance pets.
    • Fact: Turtles require regular care and maintenance to stay healthy.

24. Turtle Breed Identification Guide

Identifying different turtle breeds can be challenging, as many species look similar. Here’s a guide to help you identify some common pet turtle breeds:

  • Red-Eared Slider: Red stripe behind the eye.
  • Painted Turtle: Colorful markings on the shell and skin.
  • Musk Turtle: Small size, musky odor when threatened.
  • Map Turtle: Map-like markings on the shell.
  • Spotted Turtle: Yellow spots on the shell.
Turtle Breed Identification Features
Red-Eared Slider Red stripe behind the eye
Painted Turtle Colorful markings on the shell and skin
Musk Turtle Small size, musky odor when threatened
Map Turtle Map-like markings on the shell
Spotted Turtle Yellow spots on the shell
Note For detailed identification, consult a reptile expert.

25. Pet Turtle Breed FAQ

What is the best turtle breed for beginners?
The painted turtle and musk turtle are often recommended for beginners due to their relatively easy care requirements.

How long do pet turtles live?
The lifespan of pet turtles varies depending on the species, but many can live for 30-50 years or more with proper care.

What do pet turtles eat?
The diet of pet turtles depends on the species, but most are omnivorous and eat a combination of commercial turtle food, insects, and leafy greens.

Do pet turtles need UVB lighting?
Yes, UVB lighting is essential for calcium absorption and shell health in pet turtles.

How often should I clean my turtle’s tank?
You should clean your turtle’s tank regularly, typically once or twice a week, depending on the size of the tank and the number of turtles.

Can I keep multiple turtles together?
It is possible to keep multiple turtles together, but it requires careful consideration of tank size, species compatibility, and individual temperament.

How do I handle a turtle safely?
Always wash your hands thoroughly after handling a turtle, and avoid kissing or holding turtles close to your face to prevent the spread of Salmonella.

What are the signs of a healthy turtle?
Signs of a healthy turtle include a hard, smooth shell, clear eyes, and a good appetite.

How do I find a reputable turtle breeder or rescue organization?
You can find reputable turtle breeders and rescue organizations by searching online, contacting local reptile clubs, or consulting with a veterinarian.

What should I do if my turtle gets sick?
If your turtle gets sick, it is important to take it to a veterinarian with experience in reptile care as soon as possible.

26. Conclusion: Enjoying the Rewarding Experience of Keeping Pet Turtles

Keeping pet turtle breeds can be a rewarding and enriching experience for reptile enthusiasts. By understanding their specific needs, providing proper care, and promoting conservation efforts, you can ensure that your shelled friend enjoys a healthy and fulfilling life. Remember, the key to successful turtle keeping is research, preparation, and a commitment to providing the best possible care. For more in-depth information and expert advice on pet turtle breeds, visit PETS.EDU.VN.

Are you ready to dive deeper into the world of turtle care? At PETS.EDU.VN, we’re committed to providing you with the most reliable and comprehensive information to ensure your pet turtle thrives. From detailed care guides to expert tips on nutrition and health, we’ve got everything you need.

Address: 789 Paw Lane, Petville, CA 91234, United States
WhatsApp: +1 555-987-6543
Website: pets.edu.vn

Visit us today and unlock a wealth of knowledge that will help you provide the best possible life for your pet turtle. Your shelled companion will thank you

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