Emperor scorpions ( Pandinus imperator ) stand out as magnificent creatures in the world of arachnid enthusiasts. Native to the forests of West Africa, these impressive invertebrates have become a popular choice for those looking to delve into the captivating realm of Pet Scorpions. Renowned for their docile nature, impressive size, and relatively straightforward care requirements, Emperor scorpions are often hailed as an ideal starting point for beginners venturing into the world of scorpion keeping. While perhaps not cuddle buddies, they offer a fascinating glimpse into the exotic, captivating the attention of any observer.
Why Emperor Scorpions Make Great Pet Scorpions
Choosing the right pet scorpion can be daunting, but Emperor scorpions consistently rise to the top of recommendations for several compelling reasons. Their unique combination of traits makes them particularly well-suited for both novice and experienced hobbyists alike.
Docile Temperament and Handling
One of the most appealing aspects of Emperor scorpions is their generally calm and docile temperament. Unlike some of their more skittish or aggressive relatives, Emperor scorpions are known for their laid-back personalities. While “handling” scorpions should always be approached with caution and primarily for essential maintenance rather than recreation, Emperor scorpions are less likely to react defensively compared to other species. Their first line of defense is usually to pinch with their powerful claws rather than sting, making them a less intimidating pet scorpion option.
Low Venom Potency
For many considering a pet scorpion, venom is a primary concern. Emperor scorpions possess venom, but it is considered to be of low potency. A sting from an Emperor scorpion is often described as being similar to a bee sting, with minimal discomfort for most healthy adults. Serious reactions are rare and typically only occur in individuals with allergies. This low venom potency significantly reduces the risk associated with keeping them as pets, further solidifying their reputation as a beginner-friendly pet scorpion.
Impressive Size and Appearance
Emperor scorpions live up to their name, boasting an imposing size that can reach up to 6-7 inches in length, with some individuals reportedly growing even larger. Their dark, almost black coloration, combined with their robust build and prominent pincers, makes them visually striking and fascinating to observe. The sheer size and presence of an Emperor scorpion make it a captivating centerpiece in any pet scorpion collection.
Relatively Easy Care
Compared to some more demanding exotic pets, Emperor scorpions are relatively easy to care for, further enhancing their appeal as a pet scorpion choice. Their basic needs are easily met with a properly set-up enclosure, appropriate temperature and humidity levels, and a simple feeding regimen. This ease of care allows beginners to focus on enjoying their pet scorpion without being overwhelmed by complex requirements.
Emperor Scorpion Care Guide
Providing the right environment is crucial for the health and well-being of your pet scorpion. Replicating their natural habitat as closely as possible will ensure they thrive in captivity.
Setting Up the Perfect Habitat
Creating a suitable enclosure is the foundation of Emperor scorpion care. A 10-gallon aquarium is generally sufficient for an adult Emperor scorpion, providing ample space for them to explore and burrow.
Image alt text: Emperor scorpion resting on dark substrate inside a glass enclosure with bark and water dish, showcasing a natural pet scorpion habitat.
Substrate: Emperor scorpions are burrowing creatures, so a deep substrate layer is essential. A mixture of coco fiber and peat moss, in a 50/50 ratio, works well to retain humidity and allow for digging. Pre-made substrates like Creature Soil or Jungle Mix, amended with sand and sphagnum moss, are also excellent options. The substrate should be damp but not waterlogged; it should clump when squeezed but not drip water.
Enclosure Size: A 10-gallon tank is a minimum for an adult, but larger is always better. Ensure the enclosure has a secure, locking lid as Emperor scorpions are strong and can escape if given the opportunity.
Hides: Provide at least two hides on opposite sides of the enclosure. Cork bark, half logs, or commercially available reptile hides are suitable. Offering hides on both a drier and a more humid side of the enclosure allows the scorpion to choose its preferred microclimate.
Water: A shallow water dish should always be available. Ensure it’s shallow enough for the scorpion to easily enter and exit to prevent drowning. Replace the water regularly to maintain cleanliness.
Humidity: Emperor scorpions require moderate to high humidity, ideally around 70-80%. This can be achieved by using a moisture-retaining substrate, adding sphagnum moss, and misting the enclosure regularly, especially on one side to create a humidity gradient.
Temperature: Room temperature (69-75°F or 20-24°C) is generally suitable for Emperor scorpions. If your home is cooler, or if you keep them in a basement, supplemental heating may be necessary.
Heating: If additional heat is required, an under-tank heater (UTH) placed on the side of the enclosure is recommended. This creates a horizontal temperature gradient, allowing the scorpion to move to warmer or cooler areas as needed. Avoid placing the UTH under the tank, as this can be detrimental to burrowing scorpions. Use a thermostat to regulate the UTH and maintain a temperature of 85-90°F (29-32°C) on the heated side. Heat lamps are generally not recommended as they can dry out the enclosure too quickly.
Feeding Your Emperor Scorpion
Emperor scorpions are not fussy eaters and readily accept a diet of appropriately sized live insects.
Image alt text: Close-up of a pet scorpion, an Emperor scorpion, using its pincers to consume a cricket, demonstrating scorpion feeding habits.
Feeding Frequency: Adult Emperor scorpions can be fed once a week with 3-4 large crickets or a medium-sized dubia roach. Adjust feeding amounts based on the scorpion’s appearance; a plump scorpion needs less frequent feeding. Juveniles should be fed smaller prey items, about half to three-quarters of their size, every week or two.
Prey Size: Never offer prey larger than the scorpion itself, especially to young scorpions.
Uneaten Prey: Remove any uneaten prey after 12-24 hours to prevent stress and potential pest issues.
Maintaining a Healthy Environment
Regular maintenance is key to keeping your pet scorpion healthy and thriving.
Cleaning: Promptly remove dead prey, shed exoskeletons, and any other waste to prevent mites, mold, and gnats.
Bioactive Enclosures: Consider a bioactive setup with springtails to act as a cleanup crew. Isopods can also be used but with caution, as they may pose a risk to molting scorpions if calcium levels are insufficient.
Understanding Emperor Scorpions
To truly appreciate your pet scorpion, understanding their natural behaviors and characteristics is essential.
Identifying Emperor Scorpions (vs. Asian Forest Scorpion)
Emperor scorpions are often confused with Asian Forest Scorpions (Heterometrus spinifer), and mislabeling is common in pet stores. Key differences include:
- Pincers: Emperor scorpion pincers are rougher, shorter, and thicker, often exhibiting a reddish hue, especially in juveniles. Asian Forest Scorpions have smoother, more elongated pincers lacking red coloration.
- Telson: Emperor scorpions typically have a yellow to reddish-yellow telson (the stinger segment) that turns red with age. Asian Forest Scorpions have a black telson.
- Temperament: Asian Forest Scorpions are generally considered more territorial and slightly more aggressive than Emperor scorpions.
Natural Habitat and Behavior
Emperor scorpions are terrestrial scorpions native to the warm, humid forests of West Africa. They naturally inhabit burrows, either self-dug or appropriated from rodents or snakes. They are nocturnal, spending most of the day hidden and becoming active at night to hunt. They are not arboreal and are not natural climbers.
Lifespan and Growth
Emperor scorpions have a medium growth rate and a lifespan of 6-8 years in captivity. They molt periodically to grow, shedding their exoskeleton multiple times throughout their lives.
Potential Concerns and Safety
While Emperor scorpions are generally safe and docile pet scorpions, it’s important to be aware of potential concerns and safety precautions.
Handling Precautions
Handling should be minimized to reduce stress for the scorpion and the risk of accidental injury to both the scorpion and handler. Scorpions can bolt quickly and are prone to injury from falls due to their delicate exoskeleton. Always handle scorpions close to the ground or over a table to minimize fall distance.
Venom and Allergies
While Emperor scorpion venom is low potency, allergic reactions are possible. If stung and experiencing symptoms beyond mild pain and localized swelling, seek medical attention immediately.
Communal Housing (Discouraged)
While some keepers have reported success keeping Emperor scorpions communally, it is generally not recommended, especially for beginners. Scorpions can be territorial and cannibalistic, particularly if not adequately fed or provided with sufficient space and hides. If considering communal housing, extensive research and experience with the species are necessary.
Conclusion
Emperor scorpions are truly remarkable creatures and exceptional pet scorpions for those willing to provide them with proper care. Their docile nature, impressive size, and relatively simple needs make them an accessible and rewarding entry point into the world of scorpion keeping. By understanding their requirements and respecting their nature, you can enjoy the fascinating company of these gentle giants for years to come. If you’re looking for a unique and captivating pet scorpion, the Emperor scorpion is an excellent choice that will undoubtedly impress.
